Women over 50 years of age are at a higher risk of developing uterine sarcoma, and the incidence is almost double in black women. However, the nonspecific symptoms of uterine sarcoma make accurate diagnosis difficult. Symptoms are often mismatched with benign uterine myomas, and no imaging modalities are available for a reliable diagnosis without an operation.
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Among the most common symptoms of uterine sarcoma are abnormal vaginal bleeding, often a pink watery discharge. Women may also experience a feeling of fullness in the pelvic area. A doctor will perform a physical exam to rule out any underlying problems, and may order imaging tests to check for any mass. If there are any symptoms, a doctor will perform a pelvic exam and take a medical history.
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A pelvic exam is important to rule out other causes of irregular vaginal bleeding, such as menopause or infection. A mass in the vagina may also be a sign of uterine sarcoma. The first signs of uterine sarcoma may be a respiratory disorder, which is a result of metastasis from the tumour. About 50% of women who have uterine sarcoma also experience a tumour prolapse from the cervix into the vagina.
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When treatment is not successful, the patient may undergo radiation therapy. High-energy X-rays are used in radiation therapy to kill cancer cells. The process may be performed externally or internally. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is an excellent option for uterine sarcoma. However, it does come with its own risk of side effects, such as an increased risk of colon, breast, and bladder cancer in women after a successful treatment.
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Treatment for uterine sarcoma is based on the stage of the disease. Early treatment allows the best chance of cure. In some cases, surgery can't cure the disease, but it can greatly reduce the chance of recurrence. In addition to surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be used to treat the disease. A biopsy may be needed to determine the extent of the disease and the treatment.
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Because the cause of uterine sarcoma isn't yet known, it's important to get an accurate diagnosis. A specialized medical team will examine your medical records to identify any risk factors and prescribe treatment. If you suspect you have uterine sarcoma, it's important to seek medical treatment as soon as possible. You might be eligible for clinical trials. You can join a clinical trial before, during, or after receiving treatment for your cancer.
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Before surgery, your doctor will perform a physical exam. A complete medical history will also be collected. A pelvic exam will be conducted, including the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Ultrasound may also be conducted to visualize your disease's location and extent. Imaging tests help the doctor determine if it's uterine sarcoma.
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If you have any of these symptoms, seek medical attention right away. In some cases, symptoms of uterine sarcoma may be accompanied by abnormal bleeding. But other symptoms may be present without any apparent abnormalities. Uterine cancers develop in the muscles and tissues of the uterus. Depending on the location, symptoms of uterine sarcoma may differ. If you notice abnormal bleeding or pain, consult a doctor for further diagnosis.
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Surgical staging is often needed for diagnosis of uterine sarcoma. Gynecologic oncologists may use endometrial biopsy to identify if a woman has uterine sarcoma. In many cases, a myomectomy or hysterectomy is required to identify the tumor. A total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy may be necessary. Treatment may include chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
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The most common type of uterine sarcoma is leiomyosarcoma. In rare cases, endometrial stromal sarcoma develops in the tissue connecting the uterine lining and the uterus. The rarest type is known as undifferentiated sarcoma. It may begin in the uterine lining and spread throughout the body.
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The primary symptoms of uterine sarcoma are typically vague and nonspecific. However, the preoperative diagnosis of uterine sarcoma is usually based on a vaginal examination. Clinical signs include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and a rapidly growing uterine mass. Many patients will only be diagnosed retrospectively after removing a presumed benign uterine mass. Imaging modalities cannot distinguish between a sarcoma and a benign leiomyoma, and therefore may be missed.
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The stage of the cancer is dependent on whether it is isolated in the uterus or spread to distant tissues. In advanced stages, leomyosarcoma has spread to lymph nodes, distant abdominal areas, or both. It can also spread to lymph nodes or other parts of the body. If the cancer has spread to distant organs, it is referred to as stage III leiomyosarcoma.
