The symptoms of tracheobronchial tumors vary depending on the cause. Benign tracheal tumors are well-demarcated masses that are less than 2 cm in diameter. Unlike malignant tumors, benign tracheal tumors tend to grow slowly, and they can mimic the signs and symptoms of chronic asthma in previously healthy individuals. If this is the case, the symptoms may be missed in the absence of a proper diagnosis. Some diagnostic clues include audible breathing, hemoptysis, and lack of response to bronchodilators.
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Surgery is one of the most common forms of treatment for tracheobronchial tumors. Sometimes, it's combined with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy is given in small doses, usually every three to seven weeks, and does not damage normal cells. Patients may need to undergo several treatments, and some cancers may respond to more than one treatment. For more information, contact your doctor or a registered cancer support organization.
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Although most tracheal tumors are benign, some may develop malignant forms. These tumors obstruct the tracheal lumen, causing respiratory distress and sometimes respiratory failure. When a tracheal tumor completely blocks the airway, it can lead to lung abscess or pneumonia. Some symptoms may be related to the adjacent structures of the airway, but these are relatively uncommon and can be missed or misinterpreted.
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If symptoms are not apparent, doctors may perform specialized surgery to remove the tumor. This surgery is only available in certain hospitals, so the patient will have to travel. The surgeon will discuss the procedure with you and answer any questions you may have. The tracheobronchial tumor treatment depends on the stage of the disease and your general health. Sometimes, surgery and radiotherapy are combined to reduce the chance of cancer returning.
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Primary malignant tracheobronchial tumors often begin as surface epithelial tumors in the airway. Almost all benign tumors begin in the mesenchymal tissue. Most adults develop primary malignant tracheobronchial tumors, but about two-thirds of the cases are benign. Although there are no specific symptoms of tracheobronchial tumors, it's important to know the signs of malignant and benign tracheobronchial tumors.
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The most common form of tracheal tumor is adnexal squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer is fast-growing, and tends to occur in the lower portion of the trachea. It typically penetrates the mucosal lining of the airway, causing bleeding and ulceration. It is more common in men than in women, and smoking is a major risk factor.
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Pure tracheobronchial tumors are rare, constituting less than 0.4% of all cancers in the body. They usually cause respiratory symptoms, including cough, recurrent pneumonia, and wheezing. While most are benign, carcinoid tumors typically present with a cough and wheezing. The latter is due to the release of serotonin. Benign tracheobronchial tumors are more likely to be nonmalignant, but a CT or PET is often necessary to rule them out.
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The symptoms of tracheobronchial tumors differ from one another, but they are similar in many cases. Chondromas are the most common type of benign tracheal tumors, and they may turn cancerous over time. Hemangiomas are tumors that develop in tiny blood vessels, and they can affect both children and adults. Papillomas, a form of human papilloma virus, can lead to noisy breathing and difficulty swallowing.
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Other types of tracheal tumors can be squamous cell or vascular in nature. Squamous cell cancer tends to be more prevalent than other types, so it's important to consult a doctor if you have any of these symptoms. Treatment for these tumors depends on their location and stage, but they are often curable. If detected early, most cases are completely curable.
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Nonspecific tracheal tumors may not cause symptoms. Chest radiographs may show a solitary pulmonary nodule, distal atelectasis, or consolidation. A CT scan can also show the location of endobronchial tumors. If you suspect you may have a tumor, consult your physician to schedule an appointment for a CT. There are also several nonspecific symptoms of tracheal tumors.
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Primary tracheobronchial tumors, such as squamous cell carcinoma, can invade or compress the airway. They're typically malignant, but the majority of these cases are benign. Malignant tracheal tumors, however, are much more common than benign ones. However, despite the fact that they tend to affect a large percentage of people, adenosquamous papilloma and adenoid cystic carcinoma can affect the entire length of the trachea. Both tracheal tumors are associated with deep mediastinal lymph nodes.
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The symptoms of tracheobronchial tumors depend on the size and pathology of the tumor. While the symptoms of a tracheobronchial tumor can be similar to those of malignant neoplasms, they can also mimic the symptoms of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. While diagnosis of TBT requires a comprehensive evaluation, a high-resolution CT scan and immunohistochemistry can be used to help differentiate between benign and malignant endoluminal lesions and determine treatment options.
