The symptoms of tracheal cancer may be hard to notice at first, because these same symptoms can also be caused by other conditions. Your doctor will want to refer you to an ENT or respiratory specialist for further assessment. Your doctor will ask you questions about your symptoms, examine you, and arrange tests to confirm if you do indeed have tracheal cancer. Your doctor will also want to know whether your cancer has spread.
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Tracheobronchial Tumors are usually benign, but they can sometimes be malignant and can require surgical treatment. Depending on the stage, grade and general health, a doctor may decide to use surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy. In addition to surgery, chemotherapy can help control the symptoms of tracheal cancer and reduce its risk of recurring. The first step in chemotherapy is surgery, but in some cases it may be combined with another treatment, such as a blood transplant.
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The most common symptom of a tracheobronchial tumor is airway obstruction. Other signs of tracheobronchial cancer include ulceration and mucosal irritation. During the course of a disease, tumor cells may invade adjacent structures, such as the lymph nodes or lungs. Distant metastases are rare and only occur in less than 10% of cases. Benign tracheobronchial tumors typically do not cause symptoms and may go undiagnosed for months or years.
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Tracheobronchial tree tumors may be benign or malignant and can arise in the surface epithelium or salivary glands. While a small percentage of such tumors are malignant, most occur in the benign form. Primary malignancies generally result from invasion of a surrounding tissue by a tumor, and may produce symptoms such as airway obstruction and mucosal ulceration. Secondary malignancies, on the other hand, are the result of a direct invasion of a tumor into the trachea.
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Symptoms of tracheobronchial tumors may vary from person to person. In general, they appear as fleshy polypoid masses. If the tumor is located in the trachea, preoperative histology is helpful in determining its location and planning resection. It can also be associated with pneumonia or post-obstructive pulmonary disease. While most tracheobronchial tumors are benign, the patient should undergo a CT scan and/or MRI to confirm the diagnosis.
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Although tracheobronchial tumors are rare in children, they do exist and are most often malignant. Symptoms of a tracheobronchial tumor include cough, wheezing, and recurrent pneumonia. Carcinoid tumors commonly present with wheezing and coughing, which is attributed to the release of serotonin. Depending on their location, tracheobronchial tumors are classified into three stages: low, moderate, and high. The lower grades are defined as those that do not have any nuclear pleomorphism or mitoses. High-grade tumors exhibit cellular necrosis and hyperchromasia.
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Although the exact causes of tracheal cancer are unknown, some types are linked to smoking, while others are unrelated. Patients with tracheobronchial cancer may experience persistent coughing, blood-tinged mucus, and difficulty swallowing. Affected individuals may also experience vocal hoarseness and difficulty swallowing. This can cause a loud stridor. Cancer cells in the trachea can spread throughout the body, resulting in a higher risk of invasive disease.
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The most common treatment for tracheobronchial tumor symptoms is surgery. This procedure can be performed in several ways, including through a sleeve resection, which removes the tumor and surrounding vessels. Alternatively, doctors can use chemotherapy, a drug therapy that stops the growth of cancer cells in the lungs. Chemotherapy is an option for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare but serious form of lung cancer.
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Patients with tracheobronchial cancer often undergo a rigid b roostomy, which involves inserting a thin metallic stent through the trachea. During this surgery, continuous positive airway pressure forces the trachea to open during breathing. Patients may also receive tracheal resection and reconstruction, in which the scarred portion of the trachea is removed and the remaining ends are joined back together.
