A doctor may diagnose tracheobronchial cancer by using various tests and procedures that examine the trachea and lungs. This examination includes a physical exam and a health history to find out about the patient's habits and any previous illnesses. Chest x-rays are also often done to look at organs and bones in the chest. X-rays are images of the inside of the body made with an energy beam.
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A tracheobronchial tumor will manifest itself as an airway obstruction, mucosal irritation, ulceration, or direct invasion of adjacent structures. Although rare, signs and symptoms of distant metastases may be present in approximately ten percent of patients. Although symptoms may be present, tracheobronchial tumors are typically asymptomatic, and the patient may go months or even years without knowing he or she has one.
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A tumor in the trachea is classified as benign or malignant. Primary tracheobronchial tumors usually invade the airway and compress the lung tissue. Primary tracheal tumors are rare but are frequently malignant. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the most common. Benign tracheal tumors can occur in the trachea, and are less common than laryngitis. These cancers usually peak in the fifth and sixth decade of life.
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If diagnosed in the early stages, tracheobronchial tumors may cause persistent coughing, bilateral pneumonia, and pulmonary abscess. Primary tracheal tumors may also cause persistent coughing. Secondary tracheobronchial tumors can cause lung abscess or infection. A fully blocked tracheal tumor may cause symptoms such as lung abscess, asthma, or atelectasis.
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Tracheobronchial tumors symptoms are not immediately apparent, but may develop as a result of other medical conditions. Although surgery cannot remove these tumors, other treatments may be required to control the symptoms and prevent the growth of the disease. If you have been diagnosed with tracheobronchial tumors, it is important to visit your doctor right away. Your doctor will determine if it is time to undergo radiation therapy.
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If a tracheal tumor is large enough to prevent airway obstruction, a surgeon may perform a bronchoscopic procedure. This procedure involves passing a thin lighted tube into the trachea. The doctor will then insert specialized surgical instruments through the bronchoscope to remove the tumor. This surgical procedure may be combined with other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy. Once a biopsy is performed, the doctor will determine which treatment is best for the patient.
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The symptoms of a tracheal tumor may include persistent coughing, blood-tinged mucus, difficulty swallowing, vocal hoarseness, and stridor. The most common type of tracheal tumor is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which is identical to the lung SCC. SCC is often asymptomatic until the airway is 50% blocked. It can cause coughing, hemopnea, and ulceration.
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Most tracheobronchial tumors in adults are malignant, while approximately one-third are benign. Tumors in the trachea may look like a lump, but a fiberoptic bronchoscopy can help the doctor see the tumor directly. A biopsy will only confirm the diagnosis in 50% of cases. If the tumor is in the trachea, it can cause repeated lung infections, hemoptysis, and other symptoms.
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The symptoms of a tracheobronchial tumor vary and depend on the tumor's size and pathology. Chest radiographs may show normal findings or show distal atelectasis, a solitary pulmonary nodule, or consolidation. CT imaging is a standard diagnostic tool for endobronchial tumors and is helpful in the diagnosis of TBT.
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Papillomas are rare in adults, but are common in children. It can grow anywhere from 0.7 to 2.5 cm in size. It can narrow the airway lumen, resulting in atelectasis and post-obstructive infections. Papillomas are accompanied by irregular, papillary villi-like protrusions and vascular connective tissue. Depending on the location of the tumor, Papillomas may cause a variety of symptoms.
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Patients suffering from tracheobronchial tumors may undergo a tracheotomy, a surgical procedure that removes part of the trachea. The remaining ends of the trachea are connected to one another with special techniques. Endobronchial stents are another type of treatment used to keep the airway open. These surgeries are often performed in conjunction with CT scans to determine if a patient's tumor is the source of symptoms.
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People suffering from advanced tracheal cancer may experience difficulty swallowing and hoarseness. These symptoms are caused by the metastatic spread of cancer cells to the trachea. Most tracheal tumors are malignant, although some can be benign, resulting from cancer elsewhere. Some are the result of cancer spreading from another part of the body, such as lung or gastrointestinal cancer.
