A doctor can diagnose pheochromocytoma by examining blood, urine, or imaging tests. The doctor may also prescribe an alpha-blocker to help stabilize vital signs, including blood pressure and heart rate. This drug is especially important during surgery, since manipulation of the tumor can release hormones that can raise blood pressure and heart rate. A skilled surgical team is also crucial to a successful operation.
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A racing heart is a symptom of pheochromocytoma, and may occur frequently or only occasionally. The increased heart rate is the body's "fight-or-flight" response. High levels of catecholamines and adrenaline hormones cause the heart to beat faster and produce increased blood pressure. This increased blood pressure can strain the heart and lead to heart failure, which is one of the leading causes of death in people with pheochromocytoma.
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High blood pressure is the most common symptom of pheochromocytoma, although about 10% of patients have normal blood pressure. Blood pressure may be high permanently, or it may rise and fall in spurts (known as episodic hypertension). If these symptoms are present, however, they should raise suspicions of pheochromocytoma. Fortunately, the symptoms of pheochromocytoma can be managed, with proper medical treatment.
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Other symptoms of pheochromocytoma include increased blood pressure and headaches. This may be a sign of another disease, but in most cases, high blood pressure is not a sign of pheochromocytoma. However, if you experience excessive sweating, rapid heartbeat, or high blood pressure, you should visit a doctor for further evaluation. Your doctor will ask you about these symptoms, as well as other symptoms.
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If you're experiencing high blood pressure, you may also have other symptoms associated with this disease. Catecholamines are released from the adrenal gland, and this causes a high production of them. The result can be high blood pressure, increased sweating, or even rapid breathing and headache. Symptoms of pheochromocytoma may vary from person to person, but they can include high blood pressure, sweating, lightheadedness, and palpitations.
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A biochemical workup is recommended if you have suspected adrenal nodules. A biochemical workup will determine if the nodule is producing too much of the hormones responsible for adrenal function. Imaging is also important for detecting pheochromocytomas. However, if your doctor suspects a PCC tumor, he or she will recommend further testing to determine the exact nature of your condition.
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Although pheochromocytomas are rare, they can still lead to considerable delay in diagnosis. Most cases are incidentalomas, due to better imaging techniques. Traditionally, they didn't present with classic symptoms like headaches and high blood pressure, and the disease was often diagnosed as a benign tumor that would not be easily recognizable. With advances in high-resolution imaging, however, more pheochromocytomas are being diagnosed in incidentalomas than ever before.
