Doctors typically discover parathyroid cancer by looking at too much calcium in the blood. However, some of the signs and symptoms of parathyroid cancer may be a result of other conditions. Your physician will perform a physical exam and ask you questions about your health history and family medical history. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. A diagnosis of parathyroid cancer is not always easy to make, but it is possible.
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Treatment for parathyroid cancer will depend on the type of tumor, the stage of the disease, and blood calcium levels. Surgery may be required to remove the tumor. Treatment plans will aim to destroy the tumor and control the levels of calcium. Discuss with your doctor the options available and any risks associated with each one. You should also be prepared to undergo some painful procedures. However, the treatments may come with a high risk. It is important to discuss treatment options with your doctor.
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Once the cancer has spread throughout the body, it is unlikely to cure the condition. Fortunately, most patients survive for more than five years. However, about half of patients who undergo surgery will develop a recurrence of the cancer within 3 years. Moreover, recurrence is often diagnosed within three years of the initial diagnosis. Even if the tumor is removed successfully, it may attach itself to other vital organs, such as the esophagus or the lungs. In this case, it can cause complications and even harm to the kidneys.
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Other symptoms of parathyroid cancer include hypercalcemia and bone involvement. Up to 76% of patients with parathyroid cancer have a palpable neck mass. Muscle weakness, fatigue, depression, and polydipsia are also common. Patients may also experience bone pain and anemia. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately. Your healthcare provider will determine if you have parathyroid cancer and how to treat it.
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Treatment may include radiotherapy, surgery, or a combination of these treatments. Sometimes, surgery is not enough, and your doctor may perform a procedure called tumor debulking, in which only a portion of the tumor is removed. If the cancer has spread to other organs, surgery is also possible. However, surgery can damage the vocal cord nerves, so you may require speech therapy afterward. This surgery may lead to other complications, including chest infection and voice loss.
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Generally, parathyroid cancer is localized and non-metastasis. It can also spread to the lymph nodes, liver, or bone. There are no standard staging systems for parathyroid cancer, so it is vital to consult a medical professional if you have any of these symptoms. However, if the cancer has spread throughout the body, it is called metastatic parathyroid cancer. A metastatic type has spread to other parts of the body, including the lungs, bone, and lymph nodes.
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Although there are no proven causes of parathyroid cancer, certain risk factors can increase your risk for the disease. These include exposure to x-rays and devices of similar energy. People with hormone-producing glands are also at a greater risk of developing parathyroid cancer. Familial Isolated Hyperparathyroidism (FISH) may also cause high blood pressure, kidney stones, and other symptoms.
