Squamous neck cancer has an excellent prognosis if detected early. Treatment options range from surgery to radiotherapy. A cure rate of 40% to 50% is achieved for N1 disease, but only 30 percent to 60% for N2 disease. In the early stages, surgical treatment of neck metastases is required. Recurrence is rare but possible, and a significant number of patients will survive for several years with definitive treatment.
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HNSCC is a malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract that resembles stratified epithelium. Its differentiation is characteristic of squamous cell carcinoma. The well-differentiated tumour displays irregular keratinization, which most classically manifests as a keratin pearl. The poorly-differentiated tumour contains immature cells with nuclear pleomorphism and minimal stratification.
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Often, the primary tumor cannot be found during testing. The cancer may be present in lymph nodes, in which case a second stage is performed. The likelihood of a cure depends on certain factors, including the size and number of lymph nodes affected by the cancer. Tumor markers may be present and help doctors identify metastatic spread. Patients with a tumor that has spread to lymph nodes are diagnosed with metastatic squamous neck cancer.
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Head and neck cancers are most commonly caused by squamous cells. These cells line the nose, mouth, and throat. Several types of tumors originate from these cells, including squamous cell carcinoma and invasive squamous cell cancer. It is therefore important to avoid tobacco use, excessive alcohol consumption, and tobacco chewing. This cancer is especially challenging to treat since no primary tumor has been identified.
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Squamous neck cancer has many forms. Metastatic squamous neck cancer develops from squamous cells that spread to lymph nodes in the neck. The cancer cells may have originated in another organ. This is also referred to as occult primary. Symptoms of metastatic squamous neck cancer include a lump in the throat and pain in the neck. Further, this cancer can spread to other parts of the body.
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Radiation therapy for Squamous Neck Cancer depends on the type of tumor. For instance, external radiation therapy is used in the case of Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer. Radiation therapy to the neck may alter thyroid function, so blood tests may be performed to ensure that the patient is receiving proper hormones. In advanced cases, chemotherapy and immunotherapy may be used. If chemotherapy is not an option, patients may also be treated with targeted therapy drugs or systemic chemotherapy.
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Treatment of SCC depends on its severity. A biopsy involves removing a small piece of the cancer-scarred skin and sending it to a laboratory for examination. The doctor may also need to remove a larger portion of the cancer-affected area or all of the growth. It is important to follow up with a physician after surgery because cSCC can return if left untreated. For this reason, patients should check their necks for symptoms monthly.
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Squamous cell carcinoma develops in the squamous cells in the outer layer of the skin. They are also found in the mucous membranes of body cavities. Squamous cell cancer of the neck forms in the mouth and throat mucous membranes. However, it can occur in almost any part of the body. However, squamous neck cancer is more common in women than in men.
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The cancer cells in the neck contain a number of p63 transcription factors. p63 regulates the proliferative potential of stratified epithelia. Constitutive knockout of p63 inhibits normal epidermal development. The highest expression of p63 is seen in basal epithelial cells, where it inhibits the expression of NOTCH1. It is downregulated during the terminal differentiation of a cell. Upon return to the basal layer, p63 expression returns. Most invasive HNSCCs have genomic amplification of p63.