While early detection is critical to the cure of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, this condition can also spread throughout other parts of the body. Early detection can be achieved by undergoing imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT). Tissue diagnosis is critical for accurate tumor staging. Patients with suspicious neck masses should undergo FNA before undergoing direct laryngoscopy.
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Squamous neck cancer has a two-stage structure. It may be metastatic, which means the cancer has spread to lymph nodes from a different organ. Metastatic squamous neck cancer is an example of an occult primary. The cancer has already spread to other parts of the body, and doctors are not able to pinpoint the primary tumor. The cancer cells may originate from an unknown organ and then spread to the neck.
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Pembrolizumab is an anti-cancer drug being studied for squamous neck cancer. It has been approved in the US to treat patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous neck cancer. Currently, the drug is in a phase I trial to determine its efficacy. The trial is ongoing, but preliminary results are promising. In addition to pembrolizumab, other agents being studied for head and neck cancer include cetuximab and afatinib.
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In general, a patient who has metastatic squamous neck cancer should undergo definitive treatment. Surgical or radiotherapy approaches can cure the disease or at least greatly improve the chances of a complete recovery. Long-term repeat examinations can also reveal a potentially treatable primary tumor. It is essential to note that the treatment plan must be individualized for the patient. While metastatic squamous neck cancer is generally more aggressive, the treatment approach depends on the type of primary tumor.
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HNSCC is derived from stratified epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract. It is associated with alcohol and tobacco use. However, pharynx and oral cavity cancers are increasingly associated with HPV-16 infection. Infection with these viruses can lead to invasive HNSCC. The cancer can spread to other parts of the body or even into the brain. This is why prevention is key to preventing this disease.
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Advanced minimally invasive surgery (TMI) and laser technology allow doctors to remove the tumor with minimally invasive surgery. These techniques include transoral robotic surgery and laser surgery. Patients who undergo elective neck dissection usually enjoy an improved chance of survival. Postoperative radiation may also be effective. The aim is to control the disease in the neck as much as possible. However, the use of radiation is risky. Cancers in the neck may recur, so the best option is to avoid radiation as early as possible.
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Squamous neck cancer is the most common type of head and neck cancer and typically begins in squamous cells that line the mucous surfaces of the mouth, nose, and throat. Squamous cell cancer is usually associated with smoking and HPV. Preventive measures include avoiding alcohol and vaccinating children against HPV. Infection with HPV is the leading cause of head and neck cancer.
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Patients with a weakened immune system may be at risk for SCC. While radiation therapy and chemotherapy can lower the risk of skin cancer, immunosuppression can also increase the risk of SCC. The risk of SCC is up to 250 percent higher in organ transplant recipients. In addition, severe burn scars, sores, and ulcers can also lead to the development of SCC.
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A combination of targeted immunotherapy and chemotherapy is one of the treatment options for metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer. This treatment can work better than chemotherapy in some cases and can be used alone or with other treatments. Immunotherapy aims to harness the body's own immune system to fight cancer. By altering the immune system, immunotherapy can give it the tools to destroy cancer cells. If you have any of these conditions, you should talk to your doctor to discuss a treatment plan.
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Patients with HPV-positive HNSCC usually display a moderately differentiated morphology with stratification and keratinization. HPV-positive patients may also exhibit an increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma, which is why they should be tested for the virus. It may be beneficial to use HPV prophylactic vaccines to protect against this disease. This vaccine should be considered a standard of care for those who are at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma.
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Squamous cell cancer may be treated with radiation. The radiation may be administered to destroy cancer cells that are too large for surgery. Cryotherapy may be an option for some people with early-stage Squamous Cell Cancer. However, this treatment is not recommended for people with large, invasive tumors or for people who cannot undergo surgery due to health issues. Moreover, cryotherapy may be too risky to perform on certain body parts.
