The first thing that you should do if you suspect that you may be suffering from salivary gland cancer is to visit a doctor. While most cases of this cancer are benign, your dentist may notice that you have a lump. A physical exam, MRI or CT scan, and a biopsy will be required to confirm your diagnosis. The good news is that salivary gland cancer is often quite small. Stage I tumors are less than two centimeters in diameter. Stage II cancers are usually between two and four centimeters in diameter.
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Almost all cases of salivary gland cancer originate in the parotid glands, which are located in the neck, face, and mouth. The salivary glands produce digestive enzymes and add moisture to the mouth, which makes it easier to chew and swallow. Regardless of whether a tumor originates in a major salivary gland, the symptoms of this disease depend on its location, size, and extent.
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There are different types of treatment for salivary gland cancer. Some are standard and others are clinical trials. PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature, not NCI policy statements. For example, the PDQ cancer information summary includes current information on treatments for adult salivary gland cancer. Although the purpose of these summaries is to provide helpful information to patients and their families, it is not intended to offer formal guidelines for treatment.
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Once your doctor has identified the cause of your salivary gland cancer, they will use MRI to determine whether you are suffering from stage II or stage III. A salivary gland cancer diagnosis may include biopsy or surgery. The doctor will first remove the cancer and the surrounding healthy tissue. Later, if the cancer has spread to other structures, they may perform a lymphadenectomy to remove the affected lymph nodes. Finally, they may decide to use radiation therapy to kill any cancer cells that remain.
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Surgery is the most common treatment for salivary gland cancer. A surgeon will remove the affected salivary gland, as well as nearby lymph nodes. The cancerous tissue can sometimes be removed and reconstructive surgery may be necessary. Radiation therapy uses high energy X-rays and particles to destroy cancer cells. Treatment can be combined with surgery. The first course of treatment for salivary gland cancer is surgery. If surgery has not been successful, chemotherapy may be necessary.
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Aside from MRI, blood tests and salivary gland biopsy can help identify any cancerous cells. Most salivary gland cancers are painless and only present themselves as a mass in the gland. In some cases, however, a parotid cancer can cause sensory problems, making it difficult to open the jaw. Other symptoms of salivary gland cancer include facial nerve weakness, rapid recent tumor enlargement, and an enlarged lymph node in the neck.
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Although there is no known cause of salivary gland cancer, certain risk factors can increase your chances. Age is a known risk factor for salivary gland cancer. Men tend to be more prone than women, while alcohol and tobacco use are associated with a higher risk. Some people work in industries that expose them to radiation, such as mining and oil fields. For some people, it is genetic, but this isn't always the case.
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A fine needle aspiration biopsy involves taking a sample of tissue and fluid from the suspected salivary gland. Using a special ultrasound device, it helps the doctor place the needle in the right spot. This procedure can be painful, but it is a necessary one. A PET scan, which uses a radioactive form of sugar to detect cancer cells, can also determine the extent of the disease. If salivary gland cancer is low-grade, PET scans may not show anything.
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Stage II tumors may have spread to other parts of the body. Stage II tumors are larger than two centimeters but not four. During this stage, the tumor may have spread to the soft tissues around the salivary gland. It may also have spread to a lymph node on the same side of the head as the tumor. In rare cases, the tumor may have spread to other parts of the body.
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The most common salivary gland cancer symptom is a painful, swollen gland. This is caused by an infection or a stone in the duct. While there is no known risk factor, a swelling in the chin and jaw area may be the first sign of cancer. However, it can also be caused by a benign tumor in the salivary gland. A biopsy may help confirm the diagnosis. It is important to seek medical attention as soon as you notice these signs.
