Retinoblastoma is a type of cancer that affects the retina. The most common symptom is a cloudy white pupil. Most cases are inherited from one parent. This type of cancer usually develops before a child is one year old, but it can also occur sporadically. If your child has retinoblastoma, there are several early warning signs you should be aware of.
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If your child has Retinoblastoma, a physical exam is conducted to check for any abnormalities. A family history of retinoblastoma may also be discussed. A dilated pupil test will be performed by a doctor. The doctor will use eye drops to open your child's pupil, allowing them to see the retina and the optic nerve. In young children, lumbar puncture may be performed.
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If your child experiences any of these symptoms, you should immediately see a doctor. Your doctor will order a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan to identify tumors in the retina. The scan can detect bilateral disease, though a tumor in one eye is not as common as one in the other. If your child has a tumor in one eye, you should call your doctor for an exam. A diagnosis will allow you to treat the problem early and prevent the condition from spreading.
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Retinoblastoma symptoms may include an opaque white pupil, which is caused by the tumor reflecting light. The pupil is also cloudy, which can make it difficult for the doctor to diagnose the disease. However, these symptoms are indicative of other health conditions that your child might have. Your doctor will be able to distinguish this type of cancer from other health issues, so your child must be seen by an ophthalmologist as soon as possible.
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Treatment for retinoblastoma will depend on the size of the tumor. Chemotherapy is a process that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It shrinks the tumor, which makes it easier to treat other treatment modalities. There are several types of chemotherapy available to treat the disease, depending on the size and location of the tumor. One type is given by mouth, while another one is administered through a vein.
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If your doctor detects a retinoblastoma early, it is often treatable with noninvasive techniques. Cryotherapy, laser therapy, and brachytherapy are all used to treat retinoblastoma. In rare cases, surgery is needed. However, in most cases, retinoblastoma is treated successfully before it spreads to distant locations of the body.
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Retinoblastoma can occur in any age, but is most common in young children. One in every 18,000 births has this type of cancer, and it affects approximately 250 to 500 children in the United States each year. The condition can affect one or both eyes, and it can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the pineal gland located at the base of the brain.
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When a child is diagnosed with retinoblastoma, doctors will perform a series of treatments to cure the disease and preserve the child's sight. Usually, chemotherapy is given through an IV and is effective in shrinking the tumor in a few weeks. However, chemotherapy is not effective alone and additional treatments may be necessary. If the cancer is spread beyond the eye, surgery will be necessary.
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Surgical treatment for retinoblastoma is an option if the tumor is small. However, if the tumor is large, surgery is not likely to save the child's vision. Surgery may include removing the eye. Surgery requires the child to be sedated and undergo a series of exams. A follow-up visit is necessary to detect any recurrence of the cancer.
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Early detection of retinoblastoma is key to curing the disease. Early detection means treatment is less intensive. Early diagnosis may lead to better outcomes for your child, which is why doctors recommend multiple eye exams for children with hereditary retinoblastoma. Further, early detection increases your child's chances of survival. Symptoms may include:
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Hereditary retinoblastoma is a condition that can develop due to a mutation in a specific gene. If your parent has retinoblastoma, then you are at a 50% chance of having the disease. In addition, people with this condition have a higher risk for developing other types of cancers besides retinoblastoma. In addition to the eye, they are more likely to develop osteosarcoma.
