Retinoblastoma is a rare form of eye cancer that affects the retina. The retina is a small, light-sensitive tissue in the eye that sends pictures to the brain. If detected in children, retinoblastoma symptoms typically include white pupils, which is also known as "red eye." Symptoms of this disease vary from person to person.
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If your child shows some of these symptoms, your doctor may perform an MRI to confirm the diagnosis. The MRI will show whether the cancer has spread to the bone marrow. If your child has a tumor in one eye, the doctor may recommend MRI screening. However, CT scans are not routinely used in children, due to the potential for ionizing radiation. In children with a family history of this disease, screening may continue for at least five years.
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Some of the early symptoms of retinoblastoma include a white pupil, also known as a cat's eye reflex. The cat's eye reflex is an important indicator of retinoblastoma, but it's not a surefire sign. The white pupil reflex is a classic sign of retinoblastoma, and a doctor will be able to make the correct diagnosis based on the other symptoms. Another common retinoblastoma symptom is crossed eyes. During a flash photo, the eye may turn toward the nose or ear.
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Most cases of retinoblastoma are caught early and successfully treated. However, the cancer may spread to other parts of the eye. This can lead to a buildup of pressure inside the eye and a loss of vision. Symptoms of retinoblastoma may include a headache, a loss of appetite, or vomiting. If you notice any of these symptoms, you should consult your doctor as soon as possible.
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Retinoblastoma can also cause glaucoma. This is a common retinoblastoma symptom and can result in damage to the eyeball or optic nerve. While most children with this condition survive, they may lose vision in the eye affected by the disease and may need an eye removed. A tumor may also develop on the retina in children with the mutations RB1 or MYCN.
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Some retinoblastoma treatments have limited success. Some patients may experience a weakened vision, which means the cancer cells can spread elsewhere in the eye. Nevertheless, other methods can help in reducing the symptoms of retinoblastoma and preserve eye sight. Among the common treatments for this disease are chemotherapy and local control measures. The treatment of retinoblastoma is based on its size, location, and progression.
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Treatments for retinoblastoma include surgery and chemotherapy. The latter includes local and systemic chemotherapy, cryotherapy, laser photoablation, and thermotherapy. Surgery is an option for advanced cases of retinoblastoma. If the tumor has spread to the surrounding healthy tissue, the cancer may spread to the other eye. If left untreated, retinoblastoma is life-threatening.
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While the disease is hereditary in about forty percent of cases, it is nonhereditary in 60 percent of cases. It often develops in one eye and is diagnosed in young children. In a minority of cases, the tumors are bilateral, but in some cases, the tumors can spread to the other eye. This can increase the risk of other cancers, including osteogenic sarcoma (a type of bone cancer).
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Children with a hereditary form of retinoblastoma may develop cancer elsewhere in the body. As such, they should be monitored closely and carefully after receiving cancer-directed therapy. Moreover, a team of pediatric specialists at the Dana-Farber/Boston Children's solid tumor center will work together to treat the child. The team consists of pediatricians and childhood solid tumor specialists.
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Retinoblastoma is a rare form of eye cancer that begins in the retina, the layer of tissue at the back of the eye. It can affect one or both eyes, and it occurs more commonly in young children. Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the eye that can spread to other parts of the body, including the spine and brain. Therefore, it is important to know about retinoblastoma symptoms.
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Treatment depends on the size and location of the tumor. There are several staging systems. The most common types are intraocular and extraocular. Intraocular cancer is found within the eye, and does not extend to surrounding tissues. Extraocular cancer spreads to other parts of the body. If the cancer has spread to the eye, the treatment is very different. The goal is to prevent the cancer from spreading to other areas of the body, and save your child's vision.
