Retinoblastoma is a rare eye cancer that affects the retina. Symptoms of this eye cancer include the white pupil or leukocoria, which is an abnormal reflection of light from the tumor in the eye. In its later stages, retinoblastoma can even lead to strabismus, a condition where the affected eye develops a cat's eye reflex.
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Chemotherapy is a type of treatment for retinoblastoma that destroys the cancer cells in the eye. Chemotherapy medicines may include carboplatin, etoposide (VP-16), vincristine, and doxorubicin. Some medicines are systemically administered, while others are delivered locally, through an artery or vein in the eye. Chemotherapy may cause side effects, such as eyelid swelling, eye muscle dysfunction, or bleeding into the eye.
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Retinoblastoma is often hereditary, affecting one eye or both eyes. One in four children is affected at birth, which increases the risk of developing the disease later. However, two-thirds of children have the disease by accident. In addition to the eye tumors, other cancers can develop in the body, such as osteogenic sarcoma. In these cases, diagnosis is not possible until the cancer has spread to both eyes.
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The eye tumor can spread to other areas of the eye, including the brain and spinal cord. It may also cause blocked fluid flow in the eye, leading to a buildup of pressure in the eye and loss of vision. Retinoblastoma is curable when detected early, although it can spread to other parts of the body. Left untreated, the tumor may worsen and spread throughout the body, making it life-threatening.
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A white pupil reflex is a common symptom of retinoblastoma, but it is not a certain sign. If you notice a white pupil reflex, you should consult an ophthalmologist for a proper diagnosis. Another common retinoblastoma symptom is crossed eye. The eye may turn toward the nose or ear. Depending on the severity of your symptoms, you may experience a white pupil reflex or another eye symptom.
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Retinoblastoma occurs when a defective gene causes a tumor to form. This defective gene is responsible for controlling cell division. This genetic abnormality occurs in one cell randomly, resulting in a tumor in the affected eye. Most children with retinoblastoma will survive, although it is possible to lose vision in the affected eye. Affected eye may also need to be removed.
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A physical exam is conducted by a doctor to check general signs of health and a family history of the disease. A funduscopic examination, which involves dilates pupils, is also a good way to see the retina. A biopsy of the eye can also be done to determine if there is an underlying disease in the child. If the biopsy is positive, treatment will be initiated. If you suspect your child has retinoblastoma, treatment will be tailored to the individual's condition.
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If your child is diagnosed with retinoblastoma, the best way to protect their eyes from damage is to get an early diagnosis. This disease is often curable if diagnosed and treated early. Early diagnosis is essential, as it prevents the metastasis to other parts of the body. In fact, if detected in the early stages, it can even lead to complete vision loss.
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In addition to discoloration, other signs of this eye cancer include a white pupil and misalignment. If you suspect your child is suffering from any of these symptoms, it is important to see a pediatric eye doctor as soon as possible. Retinoblastoma symptoms are not easy to identify in children, but they are important for you to seek proper medical care and treatment. A pediatric eye doctor can help you determine the most effective treatment plan.
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If your child exhibits these Retinoblastoma symptom, you should visit a doctor immediately. An early diagnosis is the best option for the best possible outcome. Retinoblastoma is often curable and 90% of children who are diagnosed with it will survive. There are other symptoms of retinoblastoma, including white pupil, redness in the eye, and pain. An ophthalmologist can also perform tests to identify the disease, including an electroretinogram.
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The prognosis of children with retinoblastoma depends on the extent of spinal cord and brain involvement. Patients with hereditary retinoblastoma have a higher chance of developing another form of cancer later in life, most commonly osteosarcoma. Children with the disease are more likely to develop another type of cancer, but it's usually not until they reach their 30s that they will develop a new type.
