Retinoblastoma symptoms are often hard to spot, but they can be helpful in figuring out whether you have the disease. The disease is caused by mutations in the RB1 gene. The inherited form of this disease is characterized by multiple tumors in both eyes. The acquired form, on the other hand, typically causes a single tumor in one eye. The cause of this disease is unclear, but it is thought to be a result of a mutation in both copies of the gene.
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The tumors that form in the retina are caused by mutations in the gene that controls cell division. These mutations cause the cells to multiply too quickly, and the tumor can grow into the brain, spine, or other parts of the body. In some cases, these tumors occur only in one eye, and may be difficult to detect in an infant or young child. If you notice any of these symptoms, it is time to see a doctor.
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Another common symptom of retinoblastoma is whiteness in the center of the pupil. Although a cat's eye reflex is not a sure sign of this disease, it is a reliable indicator of the disease and should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist. The second most common symptom is crossed eyes. When a child turns their eyes inward, the pupil is usually enlarged, and this condition may appear more obvious in photographs.
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When you suspect that your child has retinoblastoma, it is recommended to seek treatment right away. The treatment process can take months or years. For many children, treatment is necessary to save their vision. However, if you do not act immediately, it can spread to other parts of your body and make the disease much worse. If left untreated, retinoblastoma can spread throughout the body, and may even lead to death.
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Children with retinoblastoma can also experience vision problems, which may include white pupil or strabismus. Your child may need a consultation with a pediatric ophthalmologist. The ophthalmologist may use general anesthesia to perform an eye examination. The eye exam may also include drawings or photographs of tumors in the eyes. Additional tests may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
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In some cases, retinoblastoma can spread to other parts of the body, including the spinal cord, brain, lymph nodes, and bones. In these cases, treatment can include chemotherapy or radiation, depending on the progress of the cancer. Patients with extraocular retinoblastoma may also require a bone marrow transplant. To obtain a biopsy, a hipbone may need to be removed.
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Initially, the symptoms of retinoblastoma will appear in the eye. A parent may notice the child's eye looks irritated, swollen, or deformed. A white pupil, known as leukocoria, will reflect light against the tumor. If the child experiences these symptoms for a prolonged period of time, the cancer may spread to other parts of the head and brain, including the spine.
Retinoblastoma is a rare form of cancer of the retina, affecting children under age five. While it can progress unnoticed, nine out of 10 children affected by the disease survive.
Retinoblastoma is often curable and 95% of the cases are cured. Symptoms can be difficult to spot, but a doctor's diagnosis can be made by a combination of tests.
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Depending on the severity of the disease, the condition may be treated by surgery. If the tumor is confined to one eye, it will usually be removed through surgery. In some cases, it can be large enough to cause vision problems. In these cases, surgery will be necessary. The doctor will remove the eyeball and part of the optic nerve. The patient will then receive a new glass eye. If the cancer has spread to both eyes, the final option is removal of both eyeballs. This would result in total blindness.
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Treatment for Retinoblastoma patients whose parents have the disease should be focused on preserving life and vision in the affected eye. It is highly personalized, so a single individual may respond to treatment completely differently from another. For this reason, patients should be monitored closely during treatment and follow-up visits to ensure that they are responding to their treatments. When possible, children should also be treated early if they have any symptoms.
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Leukocoria is another common symptom of retinoblastoma. Leukocoria occurs in 60 percent of patients with this type of cancer. It is most easily detectable when photographed under certain lighting conditions or at specific angles. However, leukocoria can be caused by other conditions, so immediate evaluation is required. In either case, the symptoms of Retinoblastoma should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist.
