If you have experienced a bloody urine, you may have a sign of renal cell cancer. Other symptoms include abdominal pain and flank pain. High blood pressure, anemia, and abnormal liver function are also signs of cancer in the kidney. Some people don't even have symptoms until the cancer has spread to other parts of their body. If you have any of these symptoms, it's important to seek medical attention right away.
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This disease is classified according to its histological grade. There are four grades of renal cell carcinoma: grade 1 has the best prognosis and grade 4 has the worst. In the majority of cases, RCC is associated with paraneoplastic syndromes, which are autoimmune disorders characterized by abnormal hormone production by the tumor. Treatment for these conditions focuses on the primary cancer. However, researchers have attempted to pinpoint the specific tissue in which RCC originated.
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Usually, kidney tumors are diagnosed during another examination, such as a CT scan or ultrasound. They usually do not present symptoms themselves, and can mimic those of other conditions. However, they do cause blood in the urine, which is known as hematuria. The blood may be microscopic or visible. Urine samples may contain small amounts of blood, which means the tumor has spread to other organs.
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In 10% to 15% of people, renal cell cancers start as a single tumor in one kidney, or a cluster of multiple tumors in both kidneys. In women, the risk of developing renal cell cancer is lower than in men, and it is most curable when detected early. Smoking increases the risk of the disease by double and contributes to one-third of all cases. However, it is not uncommon for someone to develop the disease without knowing it.
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The primary treatment for renal cell cancer is removal of the affected kidney. Although chemotherapy is not a cure for the disease, it can alleviate many symptoms of metastatic disease, including high blood pressure, calcium in the blood, and high calcium levels. Patients often undergo chemotherapy to help shrink the tumor. However, the side effects of chemotherapy include nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and fatigue. In addition, the drugs can suppress the production of new blood cells, which leads to anemia and fatigue. Additionally, it can cause easy bruising and a loss of hair.
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After treatment, patients should visit their doctors regularly for evaluations. These will include a thorough physical examination, a history of their illness, imaging studies, abdominal CT scan, and lab tests to check the kidneys' functions. It's important to maintain a healthy weight and diet to reduce the risk of cancer. However, if you don't know much about the disease, you can find out more about the various treatment options and choose the one that is right for you.
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Blood tests can help the doctor diagnose and stage the disease. Using a specialized imaging method called three-dimensional CT, a doctor can easily differentiate between benign and malignant tumors. The cancer's growth is characterized by an infiltrative pattern, whereas a discrete mass is a metastasis. Some types of renal tumors are metastatic, and treatment of the affected part depends on the location of the cancer.
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Although not all patients experience any symptoms of kidney cancer, some patients do not have any of these signs. The most common symptom of renal cell cancer is hematuria. Other symptoms include flank pain, palpable mass, and a fever of unknown origin. If you experience any of these signs, contact your doctor right away. Early treatment will help you avoid major medical problems. If you do have the disease, surgery is an option.
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Aside from surgery, treatment options can include radiation therapy or chemotherapy. A surgeon may remove a portion of the kidney or remove the entire organ. An injected agent can block blood flow to the tumor. Without blood, the tumor cannot live. Arterial embolization is a painful and dangerous procedure. Despite its potential risks, it is the only way to remove the kidney tumor completely in some cases. In rare cases, patients may not be able to undergo surgery, and treatment with immunotherapy is an option.
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The treatment for renal cell cancer is usually determined by the stage of the disease and overall health of the patient. Your doctor will develop a specialized treatment plan for you. Therapies may include surgery, chemotherapy, biological therapy, hormone therapy, targeted agents, and radiation. In some cases, clinical trials are appropriate. If your doctor suspects that you have a stage I or II disease, a treatment with radiation may be appropriate. If your cancer has spread to the kidneys, you will most likely undergo a single therapy.