Although the mortality rates for many pediatric cancers have declined dramatically over the past two decades, the signs and symptoms of rare childhood cancers may be even more frightening. Since most of these conditions are not common, there is often no specific cause. As a parent, you will likely wonder how to tell if your child is suffering from one of these conditions. If your child shows any of these symptoms, speak with your pediatrician to learn about treatment options.
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If a child has unusual eye or skin color, it's likely they have retinoblastoma. Retinoblastomas begin in the light-sensitive lining of the eye. You can call the 131120 helpline to get support and information. If your child's eyes look abnormally pink or white, it could be retinoblastoma. Rare cancers of the eye and kidneys can also affect the eyes. Rare cancers of childhood can also affect germ cells, which produce sperm and eggs.
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Common signs of pediatric cancer include pain in the bone and lymph nodes, weakness, and chronic cough. These signs are often similar to other childhood illnesses. A child's physician will want to know how often the symptoms occur. Some cancers can also be difficult to detect at an early stage. It's important to discuss all symptoms with the medical team. Rare cancers of childhood symptoms should not be dismissed, however, because they can be quite similar to other illnesses.
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If you're diagnosed with a rare cancer, it's important to talk to people who understand your situation and can support you through your journey. Cancer teams and GPs can provide information and support, and can even arrange extra help if needed. You can also ask if there's a local support group for your specific cancer. Some patient organisations have support forums and buddy systems for people dealing with rare cancers. There's also the Macmillan rare cancers forum.
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Treatment options for rare childhood cancers depend on the type of cancer. Treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Surgical treatments can remove as much of the tumor as possible. Radiation therapy is often used in combination with chemotherapy or surgery to shrink the tumor. During surgery, the surgeon will use a radioactive source to kill the cancer cells with minimal damage. This can help shrink the tumor and reduce the risk of further spread.
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Because childhood cancers are rare, doctors may first check for other causes of the symptoms. If these symptoms are unrelated to cancer, a specialist may recommend extra tests. The process may take longer than anticipated, and some samples may need to be sent to a specialist laboratory. The doctor may also need to send you to another hospital for further testing. In rare cases, doctors may have to refer you to another clinic. The doctor can also order other tests if the symptoms are related to a cancer that has spread to an unusual part of the body.
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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a form of childhood cancer that affects immune cells. It affects children less frequently than Hodgkin lymphoma, but is still rarer in children younger than 3. Its symptoms vary depending on the location of the cancer, but can include fatigue, weight loss, fever, sweats, and fatigue. Lymphoma causes swollen lymph nodes under the skin. There are two main types of childhood lymphomas: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Osteosarcoma is the most common form of malignant bone tumor. It affects approximately 400 children younger than 20 years old in the United States each year. Osteosarcoma typically affects teenage boys and tends to be taller than typical for a child's age. It can also spread to other organs and tissues. Despite the fact that there is no specific treatment for osteosarcoma, it can often be treated.
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While some rare childhood cancers are not diagnosed until the child is older, many can be successfully treated. Surgery is the cornerstone treatment for most children with rare cancers of soft tissue. The surgeon will try to remove the mass and its surrounding tissue, leaving no microscopic disease behind. Radiation therapy may also be prescribed. One newer treatment, intraoperative electron radiation, is directed at the tumor site during surgery. If you suspect that your child is suffering from one of these conditions, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.
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Genetic changes in a child's germ cells may increase their risk for cancer. These genetic changes include extra chromosomes, broken chromosomes, and rearranged genes. Down syndrome, for example, is associated with an extra chromosome called trisomy 21. Children with Down syndrome are about 10 to 20 times more likely to develop leukemia than other children with normal DNA. Genetic changes are also known to occur spontaneously in cells during development.
