There are a variety of symptoms to look out for in the case of a rare cancer in childhood. Most of these cancers are not common in children, and doctors have limited information about treatments and cures. Many children's hospital records only include one or two cases of a specific cancer, making it difficult to provide accurate treatment recommendations. The following table details the symptoms of rare childhood cancers, along with the symptoms of each type.
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If you suspect your child has cancer, the first step is to determine the cause of the symptoms. Rare childhood cancer symptoms may be similar to those of other illnesses. Your child may also develop bone pain and enlarged lymph nodes. Some children may lose weight or become weak as a result of the disease. The doctor will discuss a course of treatment based on the symptoms of your child. If symptoms do not improve or get worse, you will want to make another appointment as soon as possible.
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Nephroblastoma, or Wilms tumor, is a rare type of childhood cancer. It develops from cells in the embryo or fetus. About 6% of all childhood cancers are neuroblastomas. They typically develop in infants and young children, but they can also occur in older children. Nerve tumors can cause swelling or pain, paralysis of the face, and a change in bowel or bladder habits. In addition to the above symptoms, children with a neuroblastoma may also experience nausea, loss of appetite, or fever.
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Lymphoma is another childhood cancer. The lymphoma develops in the lymph system, and affects the immune system. There are two types of lymphomas: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia. Both types of leukemia usually begin in the bone marrow and spread throughout the bloodstream. Treatment for these cancers is similar to those used for adult patients.
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Bronchoscopic tumors in children often begin in cells lining the surface of the lungs. The tumor may spread to the sinuses and even the front portion of the brain. Most children with bronchial tumors are benign, and most of them do not show any symptoms, but if they are malignant, the tumor may spread and cause serious problems. Once diagnosed, the symptoms of a rare cancer in childhood may be similar to those of asthma.
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Because these cancers are rare, they require highly trained doctors. A multidisciplinary team of specialists is needed to diagnose and treat these illnesses. The team includes a primary care physician, pediatric surgeons, medical oncologists, rehabilitation specialists, and specialists in rehabilitative medicine. The multidisciplinary approach ensures the best possible chance of survival and a better quality of life for a child with this rare cancer. The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes its annual report, Cancer Facts & Figures.
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Some genetic mutations are linked to an increased risk of developing cancer in children. Rare childhood cancers, such as osteosarcoma, are more likely to occur in children with certain syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome or retinoblastoma. A genetic mutation called Li-Fraumeni syndrome may result from radiation or chemotherapy treatments in childhood. Rare childhood cancers may be inherited, but genetic studies have yet to establish a clear connection.
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The symptoms of osteosarcoma vary widely and may be similar to those of other childhood illnesses. In addition to symptoms, patients with this type of cancer may experience pain in the bone, particularly around the spine. Other symptoms may include pain in the legs or arms. While rhabdomyosarcoma symptoms are generally vague and similar to those of other childhood illnesses, they are important because if detected early, the disease can be treated.
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Bone cancer is osteosarcoma. It accounts for only about 3% of childhood cancers. It begins in the bone and can spread to other bones and organs. It generally strikes boys during the growth spurt, and it tends to affect young men. It most often affects the knee and is most common in teenage boys. While it is difficult to detect, proper diagnosis may lead to a full recovery. The disease can also develop in other bones, including the lungs.
