When it comes to treating childhood cancer, early diagnosis is critical. A pediatric oncologist may perform a variety of tests to determine the type of tumor present. Diagnostic tests may include blood and urine tests, imaging tests, lumbar puncture, and specialized procedures based on the suspected cancer. Treatment options for rare cancers vary, depending on the type of tumor, location, size, and extent of disease, as well as the doctor's expectations.
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The most common childhood cancer is acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). This form of cancer affects the lymphocytes and is classified according to the type of lymphocyte. In childhood, two out of ten cases are T-cell ALLs. The treatments for childhood ALL are similar to those for adults. The prognosis for patients with this type of cancer is good. A blood test will help determine if an infection or tumor is present.
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The symptoms and prognosis of childhood GIST depend on the organ involved and the stage of development. Early detection is critical, since symptoms may be a sign of other conditions. Treatment options for rare cancers depend on the stage of the disease, which can be fatal without prompt diagnosis. In addition to chemotherapy, treatment for rare childhood cancers may also include symptom management. If you suspect your child has any of these symptoms, contact your pediatrician.
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Leukemias are the most common type of childhood cancer. It begins in the bone marrow and spreads to the bloodstream. Although rare, chronic myeloid leukemia is extremely rare. The other types of childhood cancers include acute lymphocytic leukemia, soft tissue sarcoma, and lymphoma. Children with acute leukemia often experience bone and joint pain, pale skin, and a fever. Acute leukemia is usually treated with chemotherapy.
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Some symptoms of rare childhood cancers include bone pain, enlarged lymph nodes, and a chronic cough. Children may also experience weakness and a weight loss. The prognosis for each type of cancer will depend on the stage of the disease. You and your pediatrician should work together to monitor your child's symptoms and determine whether the diagnosis is necessary. For more information, visit the American Cancer Society website.
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The treatment for rare childhood cancers varies depending on the type of cancer and the stage of the disease. For example, chemotherapy, which involves the use of anti-cancer drugs, may be given as an intravenous drip or injection to kill cancer cells. It may also be used to reduce the risk of cancer and treat it once it has spread to other parts of the body.
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Children with rare cancers typically cannot take part in clinical trials, but the Children's Cancer and Leukaemia Group has worked to develop guidelines on the treatment of rare childhood cancers and collaborate with other countries to promote research and find effective treatments.
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Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms tumor, is a rare cancer in children. It starts in the immature nerve cells of the embryo or fetus. About 7 percent of all childhood cancers are caused by this type of tumor. Children younger than five are most likely to develop neuroblastomas. The tumor can occur anywhere in the body, but is more common in males than in females. Neuroblastomas also cause bone pain and fever.
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Osteosarcoma, or bone cancer, is the most common type of bone cancer and affects 400 children under age 20 each year in the United States. This type of cancer typically starts in the bones and can spread to the lungs and other parts of the body. Most cases of osteosarcoma in children are in the knee, but the cancer can spread to other parts of the body. So early diagnosis is important for your child's health.
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When it comes to breast tumors, most are benign. If they grow quickly, they could be indicative of cancer. A biopsy may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis. If a child develops a large tumor in this area, the doctor may choose to remove a portion of the tumor, called a phyllodes biopsy. The tissue will be evaluated under a microscope to determine whether there are any abnormal cells. Dimples, puckering skin, and nipples turning inward may also indicate cancer.
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The treatment for chordomas depends on the type of tumor. Children typically undergo radiation therapy and surgery to remove the tumor. Sometimes, proton beam radiation therapy may be used. These methods have a high success rate in treating these rare cancers of the childhood body. However, radiation therapy has the potential to cause infections. Symptoms of chordomas include bowel or bladder changes, numbness in the legs, and paralysis of facial muscles. Sometimes, these tumors recur in other parts of the body including the lungs.
