In this article, we look at the different imaging findings of Primary Peritoneal Cancer, and we discuss the treatment options available for these patients. Understanding the different imaging findings of this condition can be critical in assessing patients with diffuse peritoneal disease. However, there are some important differences between Primary Peritoneal Cancer and other forms of peritoneal cancer. Here, we examine these differences and explain why it's important to differentiate the types of peritoneal tumors.
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Treatment for primary peritoneal cancer depends on the stage of the cancer and the symptoms. In advanced stages, the patient may require additional surgery, chemotherapy, or targeted therapies. In some cases, the cancer has returned after treatment. The aim of treatment is to control the disease and minimize symptoms. When cancer has spread to other parts of the body, the cancer is often treated with targeted therapies that interfere with the growth of tumor cells. The doctor will discuss all of the options with the patient.
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In some cases, an abdominal abscess, cystic collections of fluid, or metastases to the peritoneum can mimic the symptoms of primary peritoneal cancer. Regardless of where the cancer has spread, it is almost always stage 3 or stage 4 when diagnosed. By this time, the cancer has spread to the peritoneum, lymph nodes in the back of the abdomen, and other organs in the body.
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While peritoneal cancer is uncommon, recognizing the symptoms of this condition is crucial to treatment. Doctors often don't recognize early symptoms of the condition, so they may delay the treatment until symptoms appear. In addition, patients should avoid alcohol, tobacco, and other risk factors may increase the risk for developing this disease. A high CA125 level may indicate that the cancer has returned. However, doctors often diagnose the condition by checking blood levels of a tumor marker called CA125.
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A diagnosis of Primary Peritoneal Cancer can be difficult because many of its features are similar to those of other types of peritoneal cancer, including ovarian cancer. In addition to having overlapping features with other types of cancer, primary peritoneal serous carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis when there is ascites. Moreover, the imaging features of Primary Peritoneal Cancer are very similar to those of other types of peritoneal cancer, such as peritoneal nodules and ovarian cancer.
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Most people with this type of cancer first consult a doctor to rule out other conditions. Their GP might look for peritoneal nodules, which are enlarged tumors that often spread to other areas of the peritoneum. Depending on the symptoms, a physician may also order imaging tests to diagnose the condition. An MRI or CT scan may show growths or ascites. An ultrasound may show intratumoral necrosis in a small proportion of cases.
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Several different types of peritoneal tumors can arise in the mesothelial layers of the peritoneum. These include primary peritoneal serous carcinoma, peritoneal leiomyomatosis disseminata, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Primary Malignant Mesothelioma is one of the most aggressive and deadly types of this cancer and is typically found in older men. It presents as a diffuse, thickened peritoneal mass. Other forms of Primary Peritoneal Tumors can be low grade, benign, or indolent.
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Surgical treatment for Primary Peritoneal Cancer is based on how aggressive the cancer is. Surgery may involve removing the peritoneum and ovaries. While chemotherapy is often ineffective in peritoneal cancer, it may be possible to successfully treat the disease with other types of treatment. Patients should also be aware that surgery can be painful and may require several months of recovery. It is important to note that the primary location of this cancer is crucial because it may lead to widespread spreading throughout the abdomen.
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A recent study looked at the prevalence of inherited cancer mutations in 21 tumor suppressor genes in 360 women with peritoneal cancer. While a small number of patients were diagnosed with a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, the majority of inherited cancer cases were in another gene (HR) or had no family history. Moreover, 30% of inherited women with a cancer mutation were over the age of 60.
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Because of the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, patients with a diagnosis of PPC have a higher chance of survival compared to patients without the disease. In fact, patients without malignant ascites had an average survival time of 49 months, whereas patients with ascites had a lower rate of recurrence. This demonstrates that the treatment for Primary Peritoneal Cancer is important to ensure the patient's overall health.
