In the absence of a specific cause, CNS lymphoma symptoms are difficult to predict. However, certain factors appear to increase the risk of developing the disease. Immunosuppression, such as that caused by HIV/AIDS, or drugs that suppress the immune system are all possible causes. People with immunosuppression are also at a greater risk for developing the disease. However, the incidence of CNS lymphoma is growing among those with a normal immune system.
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Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma varies compared to the treatment for other lymphomas. Because of the blood-brain barrier, few drugs can reach the brain. Until a few decades ago, the only effective treatment for the disease was radiotherapy to the entire brain. Today, chemotherapy is used to overcome this problem, especially when high doses of chemotherapy are used. If treatment is not successful, the patient may have to undergo a second course of treatment.
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While lymphoma is primarily a B-cell cancer, the majority of cases also have an immunosuppressive component. The presence of HIV antibodies in the blood can signal the development of primary CNS lymphoma. A standard blood test can identify HIV antibodies, proteins that the body produces when it recognizes a harmful substance. However, a positive result can take six months or more.
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Patients with primary CNS lymphoma often develop focal or asymmetric weakness, impaired movement, and atypical personality. Some patients also develop seizures, while others become completely incapacitated. Although there is no specific treatment for these conditions, the symptoms are typically gradual, resulting in the development of disability in the patient. When left untreated, the cancer may lead to incontinence.
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The symptoms of CNS lymphoma include headache, changes in personality, and visual disturbances. Some patients even experience speech changes and paralysis. These symptoms often increase rapidly and require immediate attention from a healthcare provider. To determine the type of treatment, patients with primary CNS lymphoma may be candidates for clinical trials. The treatment for primary CNS lymphoma depends on the location and progression of the tumor.
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Neurologic symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma include increased intracranial pressure and seizures. In addition to these, floaters and vitreous involvement may occur. Approximately seven percent of patients develop systemic symptoms before neurologic symptoms. Some patients also experience fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss. Although these symptoms are rare, they are nonetheless indicative of the disease.
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While there is no specific list of symptoms of Primary Central Nervous System lymphoma, they may include headache, facial swelling, changes in personality, sedation, and difficulty with speech or vision. Primary CNS lymphoma symptoms tend to increase rapidly and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider as soon as possible. Below, we'll discuss symptoms and their causes. Also, remember that these symptoms may be a sign of other illnesses, such as leukemia.
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MRI scans are one of the most common ways to diagnose CNS lymphoma. They use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to look at blood flow in the brain. The results can be useful in differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma from brain tumors. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is another common diagnostic test. It's used to determine whether cancer cells have spread to the central nervous system or to the cerebrospinal fluid.
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Other primary CNSL symptoms include spinal cord tumors, intracranial lesions, leptomeningeal lesions, and ocular/vitreoretinal manifestations. The majority of primary CNS lymphoma is B-cell-derived, but there is also a T-cell subtype. In such cases, patients may exhibit an increase in B-symptoms, with decreased ocular involvement.
