While there is no specific list of symptoms of Primary Central Nervous System lymphoma, they may include headache, facial swelling, changes in personality, sedation, and difficulty with speech or vision. Primary CNS lymphoma symptoms tend to increase rapidly and should be evaluated by a healthcare provider as soon as possible. Below, we'll discuss symptoms and their causes. Also, remember that these symptoms may be a sign of other illnesses, such as leukemia.
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MRI scans are one of the most common ways to diagnose CNS lymphoma. They use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to look at blood flow in the brain. The results can be useful in differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma from brain tumors. A lumbar puncture (spinal tap) is another common diagnostic test. It's used to determine whether cancer cells have spread to the central nervous system or to the cerebrospinal fluid.
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Other primary CNSL symptoms include spinal cord tumors, intracranial lesions, leptomeningeal lesions, and ocular/vitreoretinal manifestations. The majority of primary CNS lymphoma is B-cell-derived, but there is also a T-cell subtype. In such cases, patients may exhibit an increase in B-symptoms, with decreased ocular involvement.
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As a result of its aggressive nature, Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma is an unusually aggressive type of NHL. In this form, malignant (cancer) cells develop in the lymph tissue of the spinal cord and brain. In rare instances, primary CNS lymphoma is found in the eye, leptomeninges, and spinal cord. Secondary CNS lymphoma develops when the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. It can also lead to focal neurological deficits such as confusion, seizures, or blurred vision.
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Patients with a weakened immune system are at risk for developing this type of lymphoma. HIV/AIDS or other conditions that suppress the immune system may cause this disorder. Likewise, people with certain medications may have weak immune systems. Ultimately, primary CNS lymphoma is rare in children. The symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma may include the following:
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Some treatments for primary CNS lymphoma may cause side effects, such as memory loss or cognitive impairment. Patients can also consider clinical trials, which are trials of new treatments. These trials may begin prior to cancer treatment. In addition to chemotherapy, patients may require follow-up tests to monitor their response to therapy. But even if they are not eligible for clinical trials, they can find support and treatment from family and online.
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Despite the rareness of this form of lymphoma, it is common among people with an immune system that has been suppressed. People who have primary CNS lymphoma will likely undergo chemotherapy. These treatments may require hospitalization. If chemotherapy is not enough, patients may also receive other treatments, such as growth factors and antibiotics. They may be diagnosed with both primary CNS lymphoma and AIDS at a later time.
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Patients with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk for developing lymphoma, which can spread to the CNS. Additionally, people with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop this type of cancer, making them more susceptible to its symptoms. People with HIV are more likely to develop lymphomas in their peripheral nervous systems than healthy people. HIV is also a risk factor for lymphomas to spread to the CNS. HIV and other infections that stimulate the immune system for long periods are also risk factors.
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While patients with primary CNS lymphoma symptoms can improve quickly, they can take up to two years to fully recover. Because nerve tissues grow slowly, a person suffering from primary CNS lymphoma symptoms may experience a long relapse. If treatment fails to help relieve the symptoms, their medical team may refer them to a specialist to help them deal with the condition. The doctor may refer patients to occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and psychologists.
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Patients with primary spinal cord lymphoma often have a range of symptoms, including back pain, numbness, and fever. MRI scans of the spinal cord and brain show linear FDG activity along both sides of the cervical and thoracic spinal nerve roots, which are characterized by axial sequence. Cervical spine MRI shows increased prominence of bilateral C8 nerve roots.
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CNS lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It begins in immune cells called lymphocytes and spreads throughout the CNS over time. In many cases, the cancer spreads from another part of the body. Because lymphocytes transport lymph throughout the body, CNS lymphoma can lead to serious neurological symptoms, including paralysis.