Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma symptoms include changes in personality, vision and speech. These changes occur rapidly, and you should seek medical attention within a few weeks of the onset of these symptoms. In some cases, your symptoms may be similar to other types of cancer, but they are not the same as those of CNS lymphoma. The following list provides some of the most common signs and symptoms associated with CNS lymphoma.
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A physical exam will include a review of your medical history. Neurological tests will be conducted. Your physician will check your eye and brain for signs of CNS lymphoma. He or she will also perform an eye exam using special equipment to detect signs of cancer and tumor growth. Neurological examinations will include testing your brain, spinal cord, and nerve function. These tests will determine your mental and physical status and your reflexes.
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Stage and location of disease are essential for determining a proper diagnosis of CNS lymphoma. If the disease is in the CNS, it is called primary CNS lymphoma. If the cancer has spread outside of the CNS, it is known as secondary CNS lymphoma. Secondary CNS lymphoma can spread outside the CNS and can recur in the brain.
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People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to this type of cancer. People who have undergone organ transplants have lower levels of infection-fighting blood cells. Primary CNS lymphoma has been growing in incidence over the last two decades, and accounts for 2 percent to 3 percent of all brain tumors. Primary CNS lymphoma symptoms depend on the location of the tumor, but you should watch out for headaches, seizures, double vision, hearing loss, and facial weakness.
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Patients with PCNSL are most likely to experience a relapse within two years, unless the disease has spread to the peripheral nervous system. The symptoms of PCNSL may include dementia or a change in mental status. Although a majority of cases of primary CNS lymphoma regress, 50% relapse within two years. On average, patients with PCNSL have a 44-month survival rate, with survival rates significantly higher for patients under 60 months of age, who are functionally active and have high levels of autonomy. A significant decrease in survival is associated with HIV infection and deep involvement in the brain.
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Patients with primary CNS lymphoma may exhibit several symptoms, including increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and floaters in the eyes. About seven percent of patients experience systemic symptoms before neurologic symptoms, such as fever and night sweats. Patients with primary CNS lymphoma may also have an increased risk for weight loss. Further, the symptoms may not be as specific as those associated with other types of cancer.
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In addition to these common symptoms, patients with primary CNS lymphoma are also prone to side effects from treatment. It's important to seek medical attention for these side effects as they may occur. Support groups are available online and in your community. You may also seek out a clinical trial to learn more about this treatment. And if your doctor's symptoms do not resolve, consider talking to a cancer care professional to find the best treatment for your condition.
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In most cases, a primary CNSL patient has multiple lesions at the time of initial manifestation. These tumors are bulky and contiguous with the meningeal or ventricular surface. Their cut surfaces are granular or dark. Often, they may be associated with multiple cutaneous lesions. If your CSF tests are positive for lymphoma, you may require a spinal cord biopsy.
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A doctor will explain different treatments for lymphoma and explain side effects and how they can affect your health. Often, your doctor will recommend chemotherapy to help you achieve a complete remission. A second phase of treatment is usually performed to remove any remaining lymphoma cells and prevent relapse. Then, you may need high-dose chemotherapy or a stem cell transplant to combat the disease. Some patients may be enrolled in clinical trials.
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Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma depends on the stage and extent of the disease, your age and your overall health. Generally, the treatments involve chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Steroid therapy reduces the swelling surrounding the tumour and reduces the raised intracranial pressure. Chemotherapy uses drugs that are given intravenously or into the fluid surrounding the brain. In radiotherapy, high-energy rays are used to destroy the cancerous cells. This treatment is effective in younger patients, and may be combined with chemotherapy for the best outcomes.
