If you suspect that you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) lymphoma, you must seek medical attention as soon as possible. It is important to know the symptoms of this disease in order to determine the best treatment. Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma involves chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy is given into the vein or the fluid surrounding the brain. High-energy rays destroy cancer cells by destroying tumor cells. This treatment is effective for younger people with primary CNS lymphoma.
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Treatment for CNS lymphoma focuses on relieving the symptoms while preserving the brain. This treatment is particularly effective when the cancer has not spread beyond the cerebrum (the largest part of the brain). To receive chemotherapy, the patient must be younger than 60 years old, be able to perform daily tasks, and be free of AIDS or other diseases that weaken the immune system.
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Other common symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma include headaches, increased intracranial pressure, seizures, or floaters in the eyes. In 20 percent of patients, cancer spreads to the eye. Primary CNS lymphoma is characterized by subcortical white matter and epileptogenic gray matter. Patients with CNS lymphoma may also experience unexplained weight loss and other systemic symptoms.
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Diagnostic tests can help detect whether CNS lymphoma has spread to other areas of the body or if there is a high risk of recurrence after treatment. Blood tests can also detect symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma. These tests will measure the levels of white blood cells and platelets, which fight infections. Aside from blood tests, an MRI will also reveal if the tumor has spread into the brain.
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Other symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma include increased pressure in the skull. This pressure may be caused by a tumour itself or by a blockage in brain fluid spaces. The elevated pressure may result in headaches, nausea, and visual disturbances. In some rare cases, seizures and personality changes may occur. Some patients with PCNS lymphoma may even become comatose and paralyzed.
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Although Primary CNS lymphoma is rare, it can affect anyone at any age. Men are more likely to develop this type of lymphoma than women, and it is most common in people with immune suppressing diseases such as AIDS. The median age of patients diagnosed with primary CNS lymphoma is 55, but men and HIV/AIDS patients are more likely to develop the disease when they are younger.
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The first diagnostic test for suspected primary CNS lymphoma is an MRI brain with contrast. Lesions are centrally located in the cerebral white matter and periventricular region and are isointense on T1 and hypointense on T2. CT usually shows hyperattenuating masses with post-contrast enhancement. The lesions are usually surrounded by edema, but not as extensive as in cases of malignant gliomas and metastatic disease.
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As primary CNS lymphoma is a form of NHL, it is rare. Unlike other types of NHL, primary CNS lymphoma affects only the central nervous system. The tumors develop in the brain, spinal cord, and the eye. In a rare case, the disease may occur in the spinal cord. It may affect one or both eyes. Primary CNS lymphoma symptoms include confusion, seizures, and blurred vision.
