Symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma include a throbbing headache, changes in personality, visual disturbances, speech disturbances, and weakness. They increase quickly and require immediate medical attention. In some cases, primary CNS lymphoma patients develop seizures. If your symptoms are more severe than you initially thought, see your healthcare provider. In some cases, lymphoma can affect multiple brain areas.
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If your lymphoma is located in the CNS, your symptoms will depend on where it started. Secondary CNS lymphoma started in another part of the body and has spread to the CNS. The symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma are slightly different from those of secondary CNS lymphoma. Patients with primary CNS lymphoma may also experience unexplained weight loss.
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Although primary CNS lymphoma is relatively rare, it is not as uncommon as you may think. It makes up only about two percent of primary CNS tumors in the United States. Extranodal lymphomas, on the other hand, affect only 5% to 8% of the CNS. Annual incidence of primary CNS lymphoma in the United States is estimated to be around 1,400 cases and is steadily increasing with age. Caucasians are more likely to develop it than African Americans or Hispanics. Only a small percentage of patients with primary CNS lymphoma are children.
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Besides age, patients with HIV-related PCNSL are more likely to develop it than those with a healthy immune system. Patients with impaired immune systems, such as those who have undergone organ transplants, or those who have had a history of autoimmune diseases, are at higher risk of developing this cancer. Those who have poor immune systems are also more likely to develop primary CNS lymphoma than healthy individuals.
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Diagnostic tests are often used to confirm a diagnosis of primary CNS lymphoma. These tests can determine whether the cancer has spread and how responsive it is to therapy. They can also predict whether the disease will recur after treatment. Blood tests are also used to detect symptoms. Patients with lymphoma may have low levels of red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells, which fight infection.
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Primary CNS lymphoma is a rare form of NHL. It occurs in the lymph tissue of the spinal cord and brain. It can begin in the spinal cord, brain, or eye. In some cases, it may spread to other areas of the body. Primary CNS lymphoma may lead to focal neurological deficits, including seizures, confusion, and blurred vision. It is important to receive early diagnosis to ensure a positive outcome.
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After diagnosis, patients should undergo chemotherapy, which is intensive. Some patients stay in the hospital during chemotherapy treatments. Other treatments may be administered along with chemotherapy, such as growth factors to increase blood counts and antibiotics to fight infections. A patient with primary CNS lymphoma symptoms should seek out support from friends and family. However, if these tests do not show a diagnosis, the doctor should consider other treatment options.
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The first test used in suspected cases of primary CNS lymphoma is an MRI brain with contrast. The lesion is generally located in the cerebral white matter, periventricular area, or cerebellum, and is hypo and isointense on T1. The CT scan will typically show hyperattenuating lesions with post-contrast enhancement, although this may not occur as frequently as in malignant gliomas and metastatic disease.
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Diagnosis is often difficult because the primary central nervous system tumors are rarely diagnosed with the proper biopsy. Most patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma are B-cell lymphomas, while a small percentage of patients have T-cell lymphoma. Despite these limitations, a thorough examination of the nervous system can help physicians determine whether the condition is serious or not.
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Treatment options for primary CNS lymphoma vary based on the stage of disease. Different therapies may have side effects, but there is currently no specific treatment that has been proven to cure patients with this form of cancer. Patients with this form of cancer should undergo clinical trials if they exhibit a particular symptom profile. Clinical trials are available before, during, or after the initial treatment. They may require follow-up tests and/or additional treatment.
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A high-grade non-Hodgkin B-cell neoplasm can affect any central nervous system component. Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a particularly aggressive form of lymphoma that affects the CNS. It can affect the brain, spinal cord, eyes, and leptomeninges. It may also lead to focal neurologic deficits, neuropsychiatric symptoms, personality changes, and seizures.
