Although it may not be immediately apparent, symptoms of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNS) include an increased intracranial pressure, floaters in the eye, changes in personality, visual problems, and tremors. In addition to these symptoms, 7% of patients develop systemic lymphoma before experiencing neurologic symptoms. These symptoms can include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. The good news is that if you suspect that you are suffering from these symptoms, you should see a healthcare provider immediately.
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Physical exams are important to detect CNS lymphoma. The brain, spinal cord, and eyes are examined for signs of tumors. Your doctor may recommend an MRI, which uses magnets to view the blood flow in the brain. An MRI can also help to identify lymphoma tumors in the brain. A CT scan uses X-rays to create images of organs and tissues.
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If your doctor suspects you may have this condition, a CT scan of the brain with contrast is the first step in the diagnosis. It is most likely to be in the white matter of the brain or periventricular region. On CT, it usually shows hyperattenuating lesions with post-contrast enhancement. In up to 13% of cases, these tumors may show ring-like enhancement. The tumors may be well surrounded, but not as extensive as in metastatic disease or malignant gliomas.
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People with weakened immune systems are at an increased risk for developing this type of lymphoma. People with HIV or other disorders of the immune system are also more susceptible to this type of cancer. People with organ transplants are also at increased risk. But even those with a healthy immune system can develop CNS lymphoma. And the symptoms vary from person to person. While it can range from a headache to seizures, they may also experience a loss of vision, difficulty swallowing, or facial weakness.
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The clinical presentation of PCNSL varies, and the symptoms vary depending on the initial CNS involvement. In 46% of cases, CSF studies reveal lymphoma. A PCNSL diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and prompt treatment. So, it is important to understand the symptoms of this cancer in order to ensure the best outcome. If you suspect you are suffering from these symptoms, consult a physician immediately.
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Although CNS lymphoma symptoms often improve quickly after treatment, the process may take a longer time in others. Some patients may never fully recover from the disease. Your healthcare team will likely refer you to specialists, including occupational therapists, physiotherapists, and psychologists, to help you deal with the effects of the disease. If these therapies do not work, patients may want to consider palliative care and clinical trials.
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Treatment options for primary CNS lymphoma will depend on the stage of the cancer, the extent of the disease, and your overall health. Treatment options for primary CNS lymphoma include chemotherapy and radiation. Steroid therapy can help reduce the swelling of the tumour, and it may shrink it. Steroid therapy can also be used to control the raised intracranial pressure. Among these treatments, chemotherapy is given through the vein or fluid surrounding the brain. Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It can be effective in younger patients.
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Generally, the median age of patients with PCNSL is 55 years. Compared with non-PCNSL, primary CNS lymphoma has an increased prevalence in people with HIV infection. The median age of patients with this condition is also higher than for patients with cancer. In addition, people with HIV infection have an increased risk of developing the disease. However, this risk has decreased dramatically in the past decade, and PCNSL rates are now estimated at 0.47 cases per hundred thousand people.
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There are many symptoms associated with primary CNS lymphoma. In some cases, the cancer has spread from other parts of the body. This condition may affect the brain, spinal cord, and eyes. Other forms of lymphoma may spread to the CNS after affecting other body parts, but primary CNS lymphoma is unique in that it does not spread outside the brain. The symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma include confusion, seizures, and blurred vision.
