The symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma can vary depending on the location of the tumor, which is generally in the central nervous system (CNS). Other types of lymphoma can affect other parts of the body and then spread to the CNS, so patients may experience neurological deficits without having symptoms elsewhere. The condition may also lead to eye problems, seizures, and blurred vision. Although the symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma can vary, there are some common symptoms.
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Symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma may vary, and are often unnoticeable in the early stages. It can be particularly difficult to diagnose because no specific cause has been identified. People with certain medical conditions, such as an impaired immune system or those who have undergone organ transplants, are more likely to develop the disease.
Patients with immune system disorders may be more susceptible to primary CNS lymphoma.
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A physical exam will reveal whether a CNS lymphoma has spread. Diagnostic tests will also identify whether lymphoma has spread to other parts of the body. A doctor will also order a CT scan and MRI to determine the presence of any traces of tumor cells in the spinal cord. A doctor will likely perform an MRI, a diagnostic test that uses magnets to see blood flow in the brain. In some cases, a biopsy of the bone marrow can also be conducted to rule out any other diseases.
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Patients with PCNSL must undergo biopsy if their diagnosis is suspected. Early biopsy results may be useful for guiding treatment and monitoring the disease. A biopsy can also determine whether the cancer is in the CNS. However, the cancer must be isolated and evaluated to determine the proper treatment for the patient. The patient's overall health and quality of life may affect the prognosis. Therefore, it is crucial to have a high clinical suspicion to rule out PCNSL.
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While the treatments for primary CNS lymphoma have shown positive results, side effects and complications are still common. Patients should seek out clinical trials to see if they are a candidate. Ultimately, the treatment options for patients with primary CNS lymphoma should be chosen based on their needs and their preferences. The treatments for primary CNS lymphoma will be different. It is important to find a doctor who understands your specific case and can advise the appropriate treatment for you.
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MRI brain with contrast is a diagnostic test for primary CNS lymphoma. The tumor is usually located in the cerebral white matter or periventricular region and is hypo or isointense on T1 and T2. CT scans usually show hyperattenuating lesions and post-contrast enhancement. In about 15% of patients, these lesions involve the eyes.
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MRI of the spinal cord is abnormal in all patients, and in 64% of patients, the lesions extend into the brain. In 27% of patients with 3 lumbar punctures, CSF cytology is positive. Cytology demonstrates elevated protein, lymphocytic pleocytosis, and low glucose levels. MRI of the brain may be more accurate than spinal cord biopsy in some cases.
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CNS lymphoma can cause headaches, blurred vision, and changes in personality. In some cases, patients may also experience vomiting, weakness, or even paralysis. These symptoms are often sudden and increase in frequency and severity. The symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma usually occur within a few weeks of the onset of the disease. If you notice any of these symptoms, you should contact a medical professional as soon as possible.
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There are different types of CNS lymphoma. Those that involve the CNS exclusively may have symptoms of primary CNS lymphoma. The latter type involves 5% to 8% of the CNS. Its incidence in the US is estimated at 1,400 cases per year, steadily increasing with age. Caucasians are at higher risk for developing this condition than African Americans, and Hispanics are at similar risk. Primary CNS lymphoma is uncommon in pediatric populations.
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While treatment for primary CNS lymphoma can improve symptoms, patients may still experience relapse. It may take months for the symptoms to go away completely. As nerve tissues grow slowly, it may take several years for a person to recover completely. Palliative treatments may include physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and psychology. Patients may need follow-up MRI scans every three to four months for up to two years.
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In addition to secondary CNS lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma can occur in people of all ages. Patients with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop it. In addition, primary CNS lymphoma often appears when cancer cells spread from other parts of the body to the CNS. Primary CNS lymphoma symptoms can be subtle and difficult to recognize, and the most common symptom is fatigue.
