Several patients may experience symptoms of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma. There is no known cause of the disease, but a compromised immune system may be a risk factor. Other immune system disorders include HIV infection, organ transplantation, and autoimmune disorders. In addition to having the disease, a patient may have other risk factors for the disease, which include smoking, drinking too much alcohol, and having a family history of the disease.
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Primary CNS lymphoma is a particularly aggressive type of NHL. Symptoms can include a headache, changes in personality or alertness, visual changes, and weakness. In some cases, patients can experience speech and vision problems, and they may lose their ability to speak. These symptoms may intensify quickly and require a visit to a healthcare provider within a few weeks. It's important to note that there are a number of treatment options available to help patients with the disease.
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A physical examination will help doctors make a diagnosis. MRIs and CT scans can help diagnose this type of cancer. Your physician may also order special tests to assess the extent of the disease and how far it has spread throughout your body. Your medical team will decide which tests are necessary, and which ones will best benefit you. If there is any doubt, a biopsy may be necessary. In some cases, the diagnosis of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma will be confirmed by a biopsy.
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In some instances, the cancer may spread from the primary CNS to other parts of the body, including the spinal cord, eye, and brain. Staging is the process used to determine whether or not cancer has spread. There is no standard staging system for CNS lymphoma, but doctors can use a variety of methods to determine whether the cancer has spread. Once the cancer has spread to the brain or spinal cord, the patient may have difficulty breathing, speaking, or swallowing.
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Treatment options for primary CNS lymphoma vary, but generally involve radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Steroid therapy is given to reduce swelling around the tumour and may also shrink the tumour. Radiation therapy is used to target the cancer cells in high doses, and is effective in young people with this form of disease. However, there is a higher risk of relapse in older individuals. Therefore, early diagnosis is the key to a patient's good quality of life.
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Other symptoms of PCNSL include brainstem involvement, which can lead to gait imbalance, vertigo, and impairment of eye movements. Rarely, the disease can involve the spinal cord, compromising the function of the spinal cord. Patients with PCNSL may experience loss of sensation and weakness of the lower extremities, and bladder and bowel dysfunction. Because PCNSL is a disease of the central nervous system, it often involves peripheral nerves as well as cranial nerves. Symptoms may also include nerve pain and deficits specific to the affected cranial nerve.
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If the lymphoma spreads throughout the brain, it may cause pressure on the brain and spinal cord. In such a case, patients should undergo immediate treatment. Steroids may help shrink the lymphoma for a short period of time, and may also reduce swelling in the surrounding tissues. Eventually, surgery may be necessary to relieve the pressure. Anticonvulsants can also be prescribed to prevent seizures caused by PCNSL.
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To learn more about primary CNS lymphoma symptoms, read the NCI Fact Sheet. It contains updated information about the condition and treatment for this rare cancer. You can also download a copy of the Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Fact Sheet. It can help you determine if you have the disease. Once you know your risk factors, it will be easier to diagnose and treat the condition.
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In addition to the symptoms listed above, patients may also experience increased intracranial pressure, seizures, or problems with their eyes. Some patients may also experience floaters in the eyes. Symptoms of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma vary between patients, so it is important to seek diagnosis as soon as possible. You may also notice other symptoms of systemic lymphoma before symptoms develop. This can include fever and night sweats, as well as weight loss.
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Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma that starts in the brain, spinal cord, eyes, or leptomeninges. It rarely spreads outside the CNS. Most PCNSLs are B-cell lymphomas, although T-cell PCNSL is rare. Primary CNS lymphoma symptoms range from no symptoms to severe psychiatric symptoms.
