While primary CNS lymphoma symptoms differ from primary cases, many share some common characteristics. These include an increase in intracranial pressure, seizures, and involvement of the vitreous body, which can cause impaired vision or floaters. In 7% of patients, systemic symptoms occur before neurologic ones. Patients can develop fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Some patients also experience a loss of vision or personality changes.
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Treatment for this disease focuses on the symptoms of the disease. It usually includes chemotherapy, which is given to the patient in cycles of three to four weeks. The success of the treatment depends on scans, which show whether the cancer cells have spread beyond the cerebrum. Ideally, the patient is younger than 60 years of age and is capable of performing daily tasks. In addition, the patient must be free from AIDS or other illnesses that weaken their immune system.
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Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma varies widely, with a median survival time of 44 months. There is no proven optimal treatment regimen for primary CNS lymphoma. However, standard systemic chemotherapy regimens are ineffective. Perhaps this reflects the difficulty of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. However, successful therapy does lead to a long-term survival of approximately 44 months.
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Although no specific cause of primary CNS lymphoma has been discovered, some individuals have an increased risk of developing it. Some people with compromised immune systems, such as HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients, have a lower number of immune cells than healthy individuals. Additionally, people with a history of immunosuppression are more likely to develop this condition. As a result, there is no reliable method for diagnosing patients with CNS lymphoma.
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A physical exam may reveal the presence of lymphoma in the CNS. A neurological exam may reveal a tumor in the eye or other areas. A biopsy will remove a sample of the suspected tumor. Lab technicians will check the sample for cancerous cells. Blood tests may also check blood cell counts, liver function, and kidney functions. A physician will decide which tests are most appropriate for you.
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Patients with CNS lymphoma may show several lesions, including those in the frontal lobes and corpus callosum. In the case of immunocompromised patients, lesions are usually larger and occur more frequently in these areas. In immunocompetent patients, lesions may spread to other parts of the body. In both cases, symptoms can arise from a single tumor.
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Although primary CNS lymphoma symptoms may not appear until after the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, it is still a very serious condition. Treatment for this rare type of lymphoma is very different from that of other types of lymphoma. Since the blood-brain barrier protects the brain from drugs and toxins, only a small number of medications can reach the CNS. The only effective treatment for primary CNS lymphoma is radiotherapy to the whole brain, but now chemotherapy with high-doses can overcome the barrier.
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People with primary CNS lymphoma should have a blood test to determine whether they are HIV-positive. HIV is a major risk factor for this cancer. Standard blood tests identify antibodies to the virus, which the body uses to fight dangerous substances. Because these antibodies take time to develop, it may be months before they become positive. AIDS-related PCNSL symptoms include seizures. While these are rare, they are nonetheless concerning.
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The symptoms of PCNS lymphoma vary widely. Although most cases are non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the tumor can affect the brain, spinal cord, and eyes. In some cases, these tumors can even affect the person's personality. In addition, the patient may experience neuropsychiatric symptoms, including seizures, and may have an abnormal sense of humor. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, you should seek medical help as soon as possible.
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Patients with PCNSL may also experience headaches, which are associated with the mass effect of the tumor. Some patients have multiple lesions at their initial exam. If this is the case, cytoreduction is likely responsible for the stabilization of the blood-brain barrier. In some cases, CSF tests reveal that the patient has lymphoma. It is important to note that psychiatric symptoms may accompany PCNSL symptoms.
