Pituitary tumor symptoms vary greatly, depending on the type of pituitary tumor and how much of the gland is affected. Some people may experience symptoms that look like other health problems, such as fatigue or weakness. A pituitary tumor produces excess hormones, and you should seek medical attention if these symptoms persist or get worse. To find out if you have a tumor, your doctor may order tests that check hormone levels. Other tests may include X-rays and an MRI, which uses large magnets and radio waves to view the pituitary gland.
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Another pituitary tumor symptom is loss of peripheral vision. This may develop slowly over time, and if left untreated, may lead to blindness. Other pituitary tumor symptoms include double vision, blurred or double vision, and memory problems. A pituitary tumor can also press on other parts of the brain, leading to other problems, including memory loss and weakness. Some of these symptoms may resemble other conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.
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Blood tests and imaging tests may be used to determine the location and size of the tumor. These tests will also show whether the pituitary gland is encroaching on nearby structures. Your doctor may also perform several blood tests to check the levels of different hormones. They may also order imaging tests to assess the tumor's progress. If your pituitary tumor is small, you may only need periodic monitoring to monitor its growth.
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Treatment for pituitary tumors can help relieve your symptoms and improve your quality of life. Symptoms vary in size and makeup. A pituitary tumor may require surgery, which is done under general anesthesia. There is a small chance of bleeding, infection, or spinal fluid leakage, though most patients are able to resume normal activities within a few weeks. It's important to discuss any symptoms that you may be experiencing with your health care team.
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Blood tests can help detect the tumor by measuring levels of estrogen and testosterone. Abnormal levels of these hormones may indicate a pituitary tumor. A 24-hour urine test may also help determine if you have a pituitary tumor or another type of cancer. Your doctor will recommend additional tests, including a biopsy if necessary. The pituitary gland produces various hormones that play important roles in your body.
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During the initial phase of a pituitary tumor, chemotherapy may be used to treat the symptoms and improve your quality of life. Chemotherapy, a type of treatment for pituitary cancer, uses drugs to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. These drugs may also kill or stop them from dividing. Depending on where the tumor is, chemotherapy can be given orally, by injection, or through a body cavity. Once a treatment regimen is completed, your doctor may recommend follow-up tests to determine if the cancer is still present and in which areas.
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Non-functioning tumors of the pituitary gland can be removed surgically. Patients with Cushing's disease and acromegaly are candidates for surgery. If drugs and other treatment methods have not been effective, pituitary surgery may be needed. The procedure is often performed through the nose. Because the pituitary gland is located inside the nose, it's best to have it removed by a neurosurgeon with experience in pituitary surgery.
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The most common pituitary tumor symptoms involve a variety of abnormal changes in the body. Some people experience chronic fatigue, depression, or irritability. Some of these changes are caused by an abnormal increase in certain hormones. A pituitary tumor will cause symptoms that are unique to the type of pituitary tumor you have. However, pituitary tumors do not usually cause any immediate symptoms.
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Treatment options for pituitary tumors depend on the type and size of the tumor. Certain medications can control overproduction of certain hormones or replace them with the right ones. Sometimes, doctors choose surgery to remove the tumor, particularly if it has pressure on the optic nerve. Surgical removal can be a great option if drug therapy has not proven effective. If the tumor has grown so large that it is pressing on the optic nerve, surgeons may cut through the skull to reach it.
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Luckily, most pituitary tumors are benign. Pituitary adenomas account for 90% of all cases, and they can spread to the bones of the skull and the sinus cavity below the pituitary gland. Nonfunctioning pituitary tumors do not produce hormones, and symptoms associated with these types include vision loss, fatigue, headache, decreased sexual function, and irritability.
