If you have any of the following symptoms, it may be a sign that you have a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. You may not notice them immediately, however, and they may be signs of other health problems. Your healthcare provider can diagnose you by looking at your health history and performing a physical examination. They can also run tests to determine if there are high levels of hormones in your blood.
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A pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor is caused by a mutation in the DNA of a particular type of hormone-producing cells in the pancreas. These cells produce hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. When the cells become damaged, they grow out of control and form a tumor. These tumors can spread to other organs. Men are more likely than women to develop pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
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Because pNET is not a life-threatening condition, it is important to seek early treatment. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors usually have spread to other parts of the body, including the liver and peritoneum. Because the symptoms of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may be vague, it is vital to seek medical attention as soon as possible. Symptoms may include:
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Treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors can include local treatments that aim to remove cancer cells in a specific area, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy. Surgery is the most common treatment for pancreatic NET. It can be a minimally invasive operation or a complex procedure that involves the removal of nearby tissue. Sometimes, it can be combined with drugs to treat symptoms and control blood sugar.
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While most pNETs are non-functional, most patients do not experience any specific symptoms of hypersecretion. They are often identified incidentally during imaging for other conditions. Patients with non-functioning pancreatic NETs may become symptomatic only when the tumor has grown into a bulk. However, patients with hormone-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors can present with puzzling and diverse symptoms, which may lead to the need for a biopsy. Fortunately, these tumors generally do not progress to metastatic disease.
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While the median survival time for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is five years after diagnosis, the 5-year survival rate varies from patient to patient. Treatment is based on the stage and location of the tumor. The median survival time for a person with neuroendocrine tumors is still only around 50%. It is important to remember that the median survival time for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is dependent on the type and location of the tumor.
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Some symptoms of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors include high blood sugar, a poor appetite, weight loss, and a headache. You should also watch for signs of diabetes, including a dry mouth and skin, and frequent urination. Your doctor may also prescribe a dietary supplement to help regulate your blood sugar. However, many of these symptoms are actually caused by other causes.
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Insulinomas are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, but they may cause low blood sugar. These tumors are difficult to diagnose because typical neuroglycopenic symptoms may be misinterpreted. In one case, a patient with diabetes diagnosed with an insulinoma reported that their symptoms resolved suddenly after the diagnosis was made. So, it is important to seek prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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The incidence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is one per 100,000, and they account for up to 2% of pancreatic neoplasms. In addition to diagnosis, cancer-directed surgery is a common treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Treatment options include surgery, distal pancreatectomy, and splenectomy. If the cancer has spread beyond the pancreas, treatment is dependent on its stage and type.
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Another type of neuroendocrine tumor is gastrinoma. These tumors produce the hormone gastrin, which stimulates the production of stomach acid. This acid helps digestion. Normally, gastrin production stops when stomach acid reaches a normal level, and the amount goes down after a meal. However, if the tumour is causing excessive production of gastric acid, the stomach acid levels rise, resulting in ulcers. The ulcer may heal after treatment with antacids.
