The symptoms of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors may mimic symptoms of other health problems, such as anemia, or they may be completely different. Nevertheless, a healthcare provider can often accurately diagnose a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor based on a patient's medical history and physical exam. Further tests, such as blood tests, may also reveal a high concentration of certain hormones.
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Diagnosis and treatment options for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors vary widely. For example, a tumor may be present at diagnosis, but if the tumor is not present, it may have spread to other parts of the body. In such cases, treatment options will be tailored to meet the individual needs of the patient. Treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors will be determined based on their stage and severity.
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There are two types of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: adenocarcinomas and glucagonomas. The former produce the hormone glucagon, which regulates blood sugar levels. The latter produces the hormone gastrin, which tells the body to make stomach acid. In addition to the tumor, several other hormones produced by the pancreas include somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which regulate the flow of chemicals in the small intestine.
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Functional pancreatic NETs produce hormones and can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the type of tumor. Insulinomas and gastrinomas are common types of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Nonfunctional pancreas don't produce hormones, and when they do, they are characterized by large size. Both types of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors can be benign or malignant. In both types, however, they can pose a serious health risk.
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Treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors involves surgery, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. Both methods aim to eliminate cancer cells in the affected area. Surgery is the most common treatment, depending on the stage and location of the tumor. The surgery used may require the removal of adjacent tissues. The treatments for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors differ greatly in their effects and risks. In general, however, treatment options are based on the stage of the cancer and the size of the tumor.
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Patients with family history of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are at higher risk of developing the disease. Individuals with MEN-1 syndrome and people with a family history of the disorder are also more likely to develop the condition. Genetic tests can help doctors diagnose pNETs. Ultimately, treatment for pNETs is based on the type of tumor and its location. Once diagnosed, treatment will determine whether the tumor is malignant or benign.
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Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors typically cause several different types of symptoms. The PPHrPomas secrete parathyroid hormone-related protein, a hormone that can cause hyperparathyroidism. A calcitoninoma can cause flushing and diarrhea, and a carcinoid tumor may block a tube carrying bile to the bowel. If any of these symptoms are persistent or worsening, it's important to visit a physician.
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The occurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) is increasing. While the rate of diagnosed cases remains below 1 in every 100,000 people, the rate of diagnosed PNETs has dramatically increased. Although the disease is rare, its incidence has increased as a result of advances in detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Because PNETs can be extremely difficult to detect early, awareness of its symptoms is critical to patients and physicians.
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Diagnosis of insulinomas is difficult, because typical neuroglycopenic symptoms may mimic other conditions. However, a physician should not dismiss these symptoms, especially when they are associated with another pathology. Patients with diabetes are often misdiagnosed as suffering from hypoglycemia, despite the fact that the disease is not always obvious. If any of these symptoms seem like signs of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, they may be indicative of the presence of a tumour.
