Osteosarcoma is a rare, aggressive type of bone cancer. It is diagnosed through a physical exam, questions about symptoms, and imaging tests to determine the location, size, and growth of the tumor. During the physical exam, doctors will also check for suspicious lumps or growths near the bones. The doctor may also request blood tests to determine if the cancer has spread or if it is confined to one area of the body. X-rays of bones are another method of diagnosis, which can show abnormalities within the bone.
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After a child is diagnosed with osteosarcoma, they will require continued care. Oncologists and other healthcare providers will monitor the condition and make recommendations for treatment. Imaging tests and blood tests will be performed regularly. Therapy may be needed to restore muscle strength and eating habits, which may be affected by the cancer. Children may also receive chemotherapy to shrink the tumor or control the side effects of the treatment. The treatment options are different for every child.
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Osteosarcoma symptoms include joint pain or swelling, which may come and go. It is most common in children and teenagers, especially those with a growth spurt. It most commonly affects the long bones of the arms and legs, such as the femur and the tibia. It can also affect the spine, pelvis, skull, jaw, or shoulder. While rare, osteosarcoma can affect any bone in the body.
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Early detection is important, as these symptoms can be mistaken for other illnesses. If they persist for weeks, it is best to consult a medical professional, as early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment. The best way to determine the onset and progression of osteosarcoma is to visit your pediatrician or primary care provider. If your child has any of the symptoms listed above, your physician may refer them to a bone cancer specialist for further evaluation.
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Treatment for osteosarcoma includes chemotherapy. This medicine is injected into the veins or taken by mouth. When the cancer has spread to the surrounding nerves and blood vessels, surgeons may perform surgery to remove it. Chemotherapy also helps shrink the tumor and get rid of cancer cells that are too small to be visible on scans. However, chemotherapy can lead to substantial side effects, so it is important to seek medical advice early to avoid complications.
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Among the symptoms of osteosarcoma are the bone pain, bone loss, and bone fracture. Osteosarcoma usually starts when a healthy bone cell has changes in its DNA, which provides instructions for how the cells should develop. Eventually, these cells invade other tissues, and the cancer can spread throughout the body. Sometimes, osteosarcoma spreads far from where it started, spreading to other bones or organs.
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The condition typically occurs during growth spurts in adolescence. It's slightly more common in boys than girls, but it can develop at any age. Symptoms of osteosarcoma will vary depending on the severity of the disease, frequency of occurrence, and other factors. Your doctor will try to find out what has caused the symptoms before determining a course of treatment.
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Often, a diagnosis of osteosarcoma will be made based on the stage of the disease. Treatment may include surgery. The treatment will depend on the location and extent of the cancer, and may involve removal of a limb or tumor in the affected area. If there is no other cancer nearby, osteosarcoma treatments will consist of a combination of other treatment options. A doctor may also use chemotherapy to treat the disease, or use other methods to shrink it.
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When should you consult a doctor about osteosarcoma? Most often, the disease develops in children between the ages of 10 and 20. Osteosarcoma tends to affect long bones near the growth plates. The most common sites for osteosarcoma tumors are around the knee, such as the femur or the tibia. It is rare outside of the soft tissues.
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A vet may recommend amputation, but osteosarcoma in dogs can still be managed with palliative care. Depending on the location of the tumor, stereotactic radiation may be an option prior to amputation. For dogs with early-stage osteosarcoma, however, it may be better to treat the disease with conventional radiation therapy to alleviate pain. It is important to see a vet right away if you suspect your dog has osteosarcoma. Early diagnosis can prolong your dog's life.
