While no single symptom of neuroblastoma is certain, common symptoms may include bone pain and swelling. The spine may be affected as well, resulting in numbness in the legs. Bone tumors may also press on the spinal cord, causing paralysis or weakness in the arms and legs. In addition, spread of the cancer to bones near the eyes can lead to bruising, bumps under the scalp, and fatigue.
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Children diagnosed with neuroblastoma have a better chance of survival than older children. The five-year survival rate of neuroblastoma in children is 83%. Symptoms are often attributed to other diseases, so a physician will need to confirm the diagnosis.
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Neuroblastoma is also diagnosed during prenatal ultrasounds. Patients with abnormalities in the nerves may have other problems, such as seizures or a weakened immune system.
Treatment options for neuroblastoma depend on the stage of the cancer, age of the child, and the location of the tumor. Chemotherapy, which uses a cocktail of drugs, may be used instead of surgery. This treatment option may also involve radiation therapy. The amount of radiation is given through a high-energy ray, which destroys cancer cells in the body. Children may also experience late effects of neuroblastoma treatment, which vary depending on the type of drug used, the dosage used, and the child's age.
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A biopsy is a necessary step in diagnosing neuroblastoma. It removes a small piece of tissue that contains tumor cells. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for testing. The sample is then looked at under a microscope and undergoes various tests. The doctor may perform specialized tests to determine the child's risk category and determine a treatment plan. Bone marrow is the sponge-like tissue that lies at the center of large bones. This tissue is where blood is made.
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Stage MS is a special form of neuroblastoma in infants and was previously known as 4S. In this stage, cancer cells may have spread to the bone marrow, skin, and liver. In this stage, the child may be considered low-risk and monitored with no treatment. However, chemotherapy is often the only treatment for neuroblastoma in infants and children. The treatment options for this stage of cancer vary, depending on the stage and location of the tumour.
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If a child has a mass or swelling in the abdomen, they may complain of pain when eating or feeling full. The tumor may also cause uncontrolled eye movements and high blood pressure. Diarrhea or vomiting may occur. When this happens, it is often a sign of cancer spreading in the lymph system. The doctor will perform a thorough examination of the body for signs of neuroblastoma symptoms.
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Childhood tumors of the peripheral nervous system are called neuroblastomas. They grow in the "fight or flight" response system. In addition to the lower belly, neuroblastoma can develop in the adrenal glands, near the spine, or on the nerve fibers of the chest and neck. Because of their location and spread, neuroblastoma symptoms vary widely. In general, however, children with this tumor can expect to experience symptoms that are similar to those of children without it.
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Other common symptoms include swelling of the neck, face, or neck. Tumors on the neck may press on the superior vena cava, a vein that returns blood from the head to the heart. This swelling may cause pain, especially in the face. Additionally, it may make a child's skin color appear blue and may impair movement. When tumors spread to lymph nodes, the child may have trouble breathing or swallowing.
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Early diagnosis is critical in determining a child's prognosis. It is important for parents to discuss symptoms with a child's health care team, including the oncologist. It is important to discuss any concerns with family members and ask questions if they are common. During a child's treatment, their parents can seek support from support groups, which are often available at hospitals or cancer centers.
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Children can also experience abdominal pain and swelling in lymph nodes, which are bean-sized collections of immune cells. Lymph nodes may be visible or feel like lumps beneath the skin. These are normally located in the neck and above the collarbone, under the arm, or the groin. When children are asymptomatic, these enlarged lymph nodes may indicate an infection rather than a cancer. A child should visit a doctor if they experience any of these symptoms.
