A person suffering from Myelodysplastic Syndromes has a low blood cell count of at least one type of blood cell, a condition known as cytopenia. Abnormal blood cells are found in the bone marrow and blood. People with this condition are at increased risk of developing infections and bleeding. Although there is no known cause for the disorder, some are caused by exposure to toxins, heavy metals, or cancer treatments. The World Health Organization has classified the disorder into four subtypes, based on the type of blood cells involved.
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Treatments for myelodysplastic syndromes vary. Depending on the severity and type of the condition, treatment can involve blood transfusions, growth factors, or bone marrow transplants. Some patients may require long-term follow-up care after receiving treatment.
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Treatment will also include nutritional supplements, physical therapy, and other treatments. Although there is no cure for this condition, treatment will relieve symptoms and control the disease.
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Myelodysplastic syndromes are associated with increased risk of infections. Patients with this condition may be exposed to benzene, a chemical commonly used in the rubber industry and in petrol. Cigarette smoke may also be a source of benzene. While some people with this disorder do not exhibit symptoms, others may be diagnosed during a routine blood test for another condition. However, a lack of platelets may cause bleeding and can be uncomfortable.
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There are five major subtypes of MDS, each characterized by the number of abnormal blood cells in the bone marrow. French, British, and American hematologists created the FAB classification of MDS. These five subtypes include refractory anemia with sideroblasts, excess blasts, and refractory anemia with siderobblasts. Among the types of treatment, blood transfusions are used to maintain blood levels.
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The symptoms of Myelodysplastic Syndromes are different in each patient, and may vary considerably from person to person. Because of the different types of blood cells that are affected by this condition, treatment must be individualized. If symptoms persist beyond a reasonable period, it is time to see a physician to receive the necessary treatment. Your doctor will likely recommend a bone marrow transplant. In some cases, this procedure can be performed on a living donor.
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In patients with RCMD, red blood cells are extremely low in the blood. The remaining blood cells are normal. Rare cases of RARS may progress to acute myeloid leukemia, but patients with this condition often live a long time. However, the condition can lead to refractory anemia in 10% to 15% of patients with MDS. However, this condition can be treated with the proper treatments.