Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are rare genetic disorders characterized by the growth of tumors in the endocrine glands. The hormones they produce travel through the bloodstream to help cells and tissues do their job. They are necessary for normal body function, including digestion and sexuality. People with MEN are at increased risk of developing both benign and malignant tumors.
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Type 1 of multiple endocrine neoplasia is inherited in an autosomal-dominant pattern, which means that a person will inherit one mutated gene from a parent who has the disease. Some cases are inherited from a parent with the disease, while others are caused by new mutations of a gene in an affected individual.
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The symptoms of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes are usually quite similar to those of type 1. The most common symptom of this disorder is hyperparathyroidism, which is a result of a mutated gene in the pituitary gland. Other glands can be affected by this disease, including the kidneys and the adrenal gland.
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The causes of MEN2 differ. MEN1 is inherited by the first person's mother, and it is not passed to her offspring. A parent with multiple endocrine neoplasia will inherit the disease if both parents had it. Although the disorder is rare, some individuals will inherit it from their mother or father. There are several types of MEN2, but three are most common.
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Despite the numerous benefits of early diagnosis, it's important to note that MEN syndromes are still a challenge to treat. Treatment focuses on the individual changes in each gland, so treatment must address the overall health of the person. In some cases, patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia can undergo chemotherapy or surgery to address symptoms.
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This type of cancer treatment requires ongoing monitoring and a specialized team of doctors.
MEN1 is the most common form of MEN. It affects a person's thyroid gland and endocrine tissues. Its symptoms may include fatigue, muscle pain, and constipation. MEN2 may lead to kidney stones and thinning of bones. Those affected by MEN1 should seek medical attention immediately. There are several other symptoms associated with MEN1 that can be easily overlooked.
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The signs and symptoms of MEN1 are similar to those of MEN2 syndromes. MEN4 patients experience an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. MAN2 patients may experience symptoms of endocrine neoplasia. In addition to endocrine neophelioma, a person with MEN4 will also have insulin resistance.
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MEN1 is the most common form of MEN. It affects the pancreas and thyroid glands. MEN1 patients are at risk of heart disease. In some cases, the condition is hereditary. Almost half of MEN1 patients are women. Some of these women have a family history of MEN2 and have a MEN1 mutation in their thyroid.
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People with MEN1 can also have MEN2 syndromes. Their parents may have been diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia when their mother was born with this condition. They may be more likely to experience MEN2 symptoms than MEN1 patients. However, MEN2 patients with MEN2 are more likely to have a pheochromocytoma syndrome than those with MEN1 disease.
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Affected individuals can have both MEN1 and MEN2 types. Children with MEN2A and MEN2B will have a RET2 mutation in one or both of their parents. Those with MEN2A may not have any family history of the disease. Those with MEN2A will not have a family history of MEN. Those with MEN2 will have symptoms that are not shared with other MEN1 patients.
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In the event that MEN1 is genetically transmitted, a person will develop multiple endocrine neoplasia. The disease is caused by a mutation in the MEN1 gene, which results in a growth of tissue in the endocrine glands. This growth of tissue can lead to hyperparathyroidism, which can cause dangerously high blood pressure.
