The symptoms of metastatic squamous neck cancer are similar to those of the primary cancer. These cancerous cells have spread from another organ, usually the lung, to the neck. In some cases, the primary cancer is occult, so it is not possible to identify the source of the metastatic disease. Regardless of the origin of the cancer, metastatic squamous neck cancer can be difficult to detect because the primary tumor is not visible.
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If the cancer has spread to the neck, the patient will need surgery to remove the tumor and surrounding healthy tissue. Radiation therapy may be used to kill cancer cells that remain after surgery. It is also used to lower the risk of the cancer recurring. External radiation therapy uses a machine to send radiation towards the tumor. This procedure is sometimes necessary if metastatic squamous cancer has spread to lymph nodes in the neck.
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A patient with this type of cancer is usually diagnosed in stage 0. In this stage, the tumor has spread to the neck but has not yet metastasized to distant sites. The tumor size may be as small as 4mm or larger and it may grow into other structures. A tumor that spreads to lymph nodes can be stage 4c. A cancer that has spread to lymph nodes in other parts of the body is considered metastatic.
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The three-year survival rate for metastatic squamous neck cancer varies depending on the type of disease and its primary location. Patients with neck metastases of an undetectable primary tumor are considered high-risk and should undergo definitive treatment. A significant percentage of patients undergoing surgery or radiotherapy can be cured. Repeat examinations can be helpful in determining whether the primary cancer is still detectable.
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Patients with metastatic squamous neck cancer should undergo a biopsy to diagnose the disease. A fine needle aspiration or core needle biopsy is performed. In high-risk patients, a patient should have a positive Epstein-Barr virus or human papillomavirus (HPV) status. If a biopsy is negative for metastatic squamous neck cancer, a surgical procedure such as a tonsillectomy may be necessary.
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For patients with a lump or mass in the neck, the most common presenting symptom is a sore in the mouth. About one-third of patients have a mass in their neck, but differential diagnosis includes malignancies and benign conditions. Other causes of sore throat and mass include salivary gland tumors, lymphoma, melanoma, and pyogenic granuloma.
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Invasive squamous neck cancer is characterized by atypical changes throughout the epithelium, with complete loss of stratification. A substantial proportion of the disease has an associated in situ component, and specific mutations have been identified in the sequence of progression. Invasive squamous cell carcinomas typically metastasize to cervical lymph nodes. The symptoms of metastatic squamous neck cancer include persistent pain, a lump, and a whitish mass.
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While this type of metastatic squamous cell cancer can cause severe pain and discomfort, the treatment options vary widely. Local treatment may be the best option for this type of cancer. Treatment is individualized and tailored to each patient. In many cases, the type of treatment will depend on the location of the metastases. When metastases spread to distant locations, the treatment may be more local or more aggressive.
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If you have metastasized squamous cancer to the neck, you may be treated with radiation therapy alone. This type of treatment is often curative for early-stage disease. However, if you have more advanced disease, irradiation or surgery is generally required to remove the tumor. During this procedure, both sides of the neck are treated. Radiation therapy is not limited to treating the tumor; in some cases, chemotherapy may be given in addition to the radiation.
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A doctor will examine the mouth and neck for any lumps. The physician will use a needle to remove the samples, which will be examined under a microscope. The samples are then sent to a laboratory for diagnosis. A biopsy is very helpful for identifying whether cancer has spread to another part of the body. Although there are some symptoms of metastatic squamous neck cancer, you should not take any action based on them.
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If you have been diagnosed with metastatic squamous neck cancer, treatment may include radiation therapy or surgery. Both types of treatment may help you control your disease. If you have more advanced disease, you may also choose a surgical option that removes more of your neck. For instance, irradiation is an effective treatment for advanced disease. Surgery may be necessary if multiple lymph nodes are involved.
